Chapter 4: Software and Mobile Applications
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Questions and Answers

What were the names of the first eight versions of Mac OS X based on?

  • Places
  • Animals (correct)
  • Colors
  • Mythical creatures

    • The latest version of Mac OS X is 10.11 El Capitan.

    True (A)

    What type of operating system is Linux?

    Open-source operating system

    ___ percent of mobile phones worldwide use Android.

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Chromium OS?

    <p>An open-source version of Chrome OS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following operating systems with their primary use or characteristic:

    <p>Mac OS X = Operating system for personal computers Chrome OS = Designed for notebooks and desktops Android = Operating system for mobile devices Linux = Open-source operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chrome OS is designed to run on high-performance computers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of user interface mentioned?

    <p>Voice command interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virtual memory allows the computer to execute program instructions effectively.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can Mac users set up their computers to run both Windows and Mac OS X?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does API stand for in software development?

    <p>Application Program Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiuser capabilities allow __________ to run programs simultaneously on one computer.

    <p>two or more users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processing tasks with their descriptions:

    <p>Multiuser = Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time Multiprocessing = Supports running a program on more than one CPU Multitasking = Allows more than one program to run concurrently Multithreading = Allows different threads of a single program to run concurrently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'system software'?

    <p>Software that includes operating systems and utilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hardware independence in software development allow?

    <p>Development without worrying about specific hardware (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Application software primarily helps users solve particular computing problems.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Real-time processing responds to input with a delay.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic functions performed by an operating system?

    <p>Managing hardware resources, providing a user interface, and executing application software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of memory management in operating systems?

    <p>To execute program instructions effectively and speed up processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ software includes programs that help users solve particular computing problems.

    <p>Application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of software with their descriptions:

    <p>System Software = Controls computer hardware functions Application Software = Provides tools for specific user tasks Utilities = Performs maintenance tasks Middleware = Facilitates communication between applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a current operating system used for personal computing?

    <p>Windows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'sphere of influence' can be used to classify software.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one key software issue that has an impact on organizations.

    <p>Software security vulnerabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of Windows Server?

    <p>Virtualization tools (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    UNIX can only be used on specific types of computer systems.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first modern server operating system from Apple called?

    <p>Mac OS X Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server can manage a cluster of several __________.

    <p>servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the operating systems with their characteristics:

    <p>z/OS = IBM's first 64-bit enterprise OS HP-UX = Operating system from Hewlett-Packard Linux = Open-source operating system Mac OS X Server = Collaboration and software development platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is NOT considered a mobile operating system?

    <p>Windows Server (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linux is an example of a mainframe operating system.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main features of Apple's iOS?

    <p>Mobile operating system for Apple devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a popular operating system for embedded systems?

    <p>Windows Embedded (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Middleware is only used for private corporate systems communication.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a utility program?

    <p>To perform maintenance or correct problems with a system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is a software design approach using modules to provide specific functions as services.

    <p>Service-oriented architecture (SOA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of utility programs with their descriptions:

    <p>File-compression utilities = Reduce the size of files for storage Security utilities = Protect systems from unauthorized access Network and Internet utilities = Manage and monitor online connectivity Spam-filtering utilities = Prevent unwanted messages from reaching inboxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a type of utility program?

    <p>Gaming applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proprietary Linux-based systems are commonly used in smartphones.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)?

    <p>Tying together disparate applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the GNU General Public License (GPL) NOT grant you the right to do?

    <p>Sell the program for profit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Software upgrades always come with significant benefits.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge faced by IS teams when implementing standardized company-wide systems?

    <p>Supporting local operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The GNU General Public License allows users to __________ the program and release improvements to the public.

    <p>improve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is developing an upgrading strategy important for businesses?

    <p>It ensures updated software is more stable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outsourcing global support is becoming less accepted in the industry.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of free and open-source software?

    <p>Allows users to study and adapt the program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>GNU General Public License = Grants rights to use and modify software Software upgrades = New versions of software with varying benefits Outsourcing global support = Using third-party distributors for support IS teams = Responsible for implementing standardized systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Software

    Computer programs that control computer hardware.

    System Software

    Software that coordinates hardware and other programs.

    Operating System (OS)

    Part of system software, manages computer's resources.

    Application Software

    Software for specific computing problems.

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    Sphere of Influence

    A way to classify software based on its reach or impact.

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    Operating Systems

    Software for managing hardware and other programs

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    Programming Languages

    Used to write software instructions/programs

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    Software Types

    System software and application software.

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    Natural User Interface (NUI)

    A user interface that uses natural movements and gestures to interact with a computer.

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    Hardware Independence

    Software can run on different types of hardware without needing to be changed.

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    API (Application Programming Interface)

    A set of instructions that allows different software programs to communicate and share resources.

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    Virtual Memory

    Using hard disk space to temporarily store data and instructions that aren't currently needed in RAM.

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    Multitasking

    Running multiple programs at the same time on a single computer.

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    Multiuser

    Multiple users can use the same computer at the same time.

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    Multiprocessing

    Running a program on more than one central processing unit (CPU).

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    Memory Management

    Controlling how computer memory is used efficiently to process tasks.

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    Mac OS X Versions

    Early versions of Mac OS X were named after big cats, while later versions are named after places in California.

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    Dual Booting

    Mac users can configure their computers to run both Windows and Mac OS X operating systems.

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    Linux

    An open-source operating system known for its flexibility and customization.

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    Chrome OS

    A Linux-based operating system designed for notebooks and desktops, emphasizing web-based applications and simplicity.

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    Chromium OS

    The open-source version of Chrome OS, allowing for modifications and customization.

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    Android

    An operating system designed for mobile devices, powering a majority of smartphones worldwide.

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    Android's Market Share

    Android holds a significant share of the global mobile phone market, with over 80% of users.

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    Low-Power Computers

    Chrome OS is designed to run efficiently on inexpensive and less powerful computers.

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    Windows Server

    A powerful server operating system from Microsoft, featuring web server management, virtualization tools, advanced security, and robust administrative support.

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    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server

    A server operating system known for its stability, security, and ability to manage clusters of multiple servers.

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    Mac OS X Server

    Apple's first modern server operating system, built upon UNIX and offering features like collaboration, software development, web hosting, and device management.

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    z/OS

    IBM's first 64-bit enterprise operating system, designed for powerful mainframe computers.

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    iOS

    Apple's mobile operating system known for its user-friendly interface and tight integration with Apple's ecosystem.

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    Windows Phone

    Microsoft's mobile operating system known for its integration with Microsoft's services and apps.

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    GNU General Public License (GPL)

    A license that grants users the freedom to use, study, modify, and share software.

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    Software Upgrades

    New versions of software released by companies to improve features, fix bugs, and enhance performance.

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    Upgrading Strategy

    A plan for deciding when and how to adopt new software versions to optimize stability and reduce errors.

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    Global Software Support

    Providing technical assistance for software across different geographical locations.

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    Outsourcing Global Support

    Hiring external companies to provide technical support for software in multiple countries.

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    Standardized Systems

    Software systems designed to function consistently across all locations within an organization.

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    Local Operations

    Software usage and support tailored to the specific needs of each location within an organization.

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    IS Teams

    Information Systems teams responsible for managing and supporting software within an organization.

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    Embedded System

    A computer system, including a processor, designed to control another device. It's integrated directly into the device itself.

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    Popular Embedded OSs

    Operating systems specifically designed for embedded systems, like Windows Embedded or proprietary Linux-based systems, are used in devices like smartphones, ATMs, and game consoles.

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    What is a Utility Program?

    A program that helps maintain or fix problems with a computer system. It's like a toolkit for keeping your computer healthy.

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    Types of Utility Programs

    Utility programs come in many flavors, including hardware utilities for managing devices, security utilities for protecting your system, and network utilities for managing internet connections.

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    Middleware

    Software that bridges the communication gap between different systems, allowing them to exchange data seamlessly.

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    Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

    A process of connecting different applications within an organization, enabling information sharing and streamlined workflow.

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    Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    A software design approach that breaks down complex systems into modules that provide specific services to other applications.

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    What does Middleware do for the Internet?

    Middleware can act as a bridge between the public Internet and a private corporate network, allowing secure data exchange and communication.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 4: Software and Mobile Applications

    • This chapter covers software and mobile applications.
    • Objectives include defining "sphere of influence", describing its use in classifying software, defining operating system functions, identifying current operating systems (personal, workgroup, enterprise), discussing application software support for different business objectives, identifying programming languages, and identifying software issues and trends.
    • Software consists of computer programs controlling hardware.
    • Two types of software exist: system software (OS, utilities, middleware) and application software.
    • System software coordinates hardware and other programs.
    • Application software helps users solve computing problems.
    • Sphere of influence describes the scope of a particular organization's problems and opportunities.
    • Personal sphere of influence meets individual user needs.
    • Personal productivity software improves personal effectiveness.
    • A workgroup sphere of influence aids members in achieving common goals.
    • An enterprise sphere of influence serves the firm in its interaction with its environment.
    • Table 4.1 describes software supporting personal, workgroup, and enterprise use.
    • Systems software controls hardware and supports application programs.
    • System software includes operating systems, utility programs, and middleware.
    • Operating systems act as interfaces between hardware and application programs.
    • The operating system's kernel is its core and ties components together.
    • Rescue disks contain the OS for starting computers with primary hard disk issues.
    • Operating systems provide common hardware functions, user interfaces, input/output management, hardware independence, memory management, and file management.
    • Common hardware functions include input from devices, disk data retrieval and storage, and display functions.
    • User interfaces include command lines and graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
    • Other user interfaces include natural user interfaces (NUIs) or multitouch interfaces, speech recognition, and sight/brain interfaces.
    • Hardware independence means software development without hardware concern.
    • Application programming interfaces (APIs) allow software access to other software services.
    • Memory management allows efficient program execution and includes virtual memory (using hard disk space to supplement RAM).
    • Methods for handling processing tasks include multiuser, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, and real-time processing.
    • Networking capability allows network resource sharing and access protection.
    • File management ensures file availability from secondary storage and protects files from unauthorized access.
    • Table 4.2 lists operating systems by sphere of influence.
    • Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X/iOS are examples of personal operating systems.
    • Server versions of Windows, Linux, and UNIX are workgroup examples.
    • Linux, UNIX, and IBM's z/OS are enterprise examples.
    • Ongoing, incremental updates characterize the modern Windows PC operating system development approach.
    • Mac OS X has widely upgraded throughout its development history.
    • Linux is an open-source operating system.
    • Google's Android and Chrome OS are for mobile and desktop computers.
    • Android is the leading mobile platform (80% market share).
    • Windows Server features Web server management, virtualization, strong security, and robust administrative support.
    • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server and Mac OS X Server are workgroup examples.
    • Enterprise operating systems often include mainframe OS examples like z/OS and HP-UX.
    • Smartphones use full-fledged OSs (like Android and iOS).
    • Table 4.5 compares smartphone operating systems by market share and application growth rate.
    • Embedded systems are dedicated computer systems built into devices.
    • Windows embedded, proprietary Linux, and other systems are common embedded solutions.
    • Utility programs perform system maintenance and troubleshooting.
    • Utility programs include hardware, security, file compression, spam filtering, network/Internet, server, database (in-house and enterprise), and MDM utilities.
    • Middleware enables communication, data exchange between different systems, acts as an interface for Internet and corporate systems, and assists in enterprise application integration.
    • Service-oriented architecture (SOA) uses modules for system functions to be used by other applications.
    • Application programs' primary function is enabling people, workgroups, and companies to solve problems and perform tasks.
    • Proprietary software is customized for specific applications, while off-the-shelf software meets common needs.
    • Table 4.7 compares proprietary and off-the-shelf software advantages and disadvantages.
    • Common cloud service providers offer software, storage, and services through the internet (e.g., Amazon Web Services).
    • Personal application software ranges from word processors and spreadsheets to database and presentation tools, personal information managers (PIMs), and software suites.
    • Examples of integrated software packages include Corel WordPerfect Office, Microsoft Office, and Apache OpenOffice.
    • Other personal application software includes tax preparation (TurboTax), web page creation/editing, music creation, video editing, educational/reference tools, CAD, and statistical software.
    • Mobile application software is rapidly expanding.
    • Table 4.10 provides categories of mobile applications.
    • Workgroup application software supports teamwork within and across locations (also called collaborative software).
    • Enterprise application software encompasses organizational needs, with cost, installation, and integration being key considerations.
    • Application software is available in every industry and includes tools like Blackboard, human genome visualization software, and natural resource planning.
    • Programming languages include sets of keywords, commands, symbols, rules for statements, syntax, and compilers.
    • Software development kits (SDKs) and integrated development environments (IDEs) are crucial components for easier software development.
    • Compilers convert programming source code into machine-level instructions.
    • Table 4.11 details common programming languages for new software development (e.g., COBOL, C, C++, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby, and SQL).
    • Software issues include bugs, copyrights/licensing, freeware/open-source software, upgrades, and global support.
    • Software bugs are program defects preventing proper function.
    • Tips for reducing the impact of bugs include software registration, using read-me files, manufacturer's support site access, updates, and recreating issues.
    • Copyrights/licensing protects software, with varying usage limits (possibly needing registration or activation).
    • Freeware is freely available software, while open-source software is freely distributed with source code.
    • The GPL (GNU General Public License) gives rights to run, study, adapt, redistribute, and improve the program.
    • Software upgrades often involve periodic revises and new program versions with variable benefits.
    • Developing strategies for upgrades are important for maintaining software stability and reducing errors.
    • Global software support poses significant challenges to companies due to diverse locations.
    • Support outsourcing to designated third parties is increasingly common.
    • Software's value stems from its use across individuals, groups, and organizations to achieve goals.
    • The operating system (OS) is crucial in managing computer functions, input, work, results, and organization.
    • Constant change in the software industry requires keeping up with industry trends and issues for personal and business effectiveness.

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    Lecture 4 - Software PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in Chapter 4, focusing on software and mobile applications. You'll learn about the distinction between system and application software, the functions of operating systems, and how software supports various business objectives. Prepare to identify current operating systems and programming languages as well as current trends in software issues.

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