Questions and Answers
What is sensation?
What is perception?
What is bottom-up processing?
Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.
What is top-down processing?
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What is selective attention?
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What is inattentional blindness?
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What is change blindness?
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What is psychophysics?
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What is absolute threshold?
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What is Signal Detection Theory?
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Subliminal refers to stimuli that are above one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
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What is priming?
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What is difference threshold?
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What is Weber's Law?
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What is sensory adaptation?
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What is transduction?
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What is wavelength?
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What is hue?
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What is intensity in the context of sound and light?
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Study Notes
Sensation and Perception
- Sensation involves receiving and representing environmental stimulus energies through sensory receptors and the nervous system.
- Perception organizes and interprets sensory information, allowing recognition of meaningful objects and events.
Processing Types
- Bottom-Up Processing starts with sensory input and progresses to the brain's interpretation, relying on the raw data from senses.
- Top-Down Processing is guided by higher mental processes, using experience and expectations to form perceptions.
Attention and Awareness
- Selective Attention focuses conscious awareness on a specific stimulus, possibly ignoring other stimuli.
- Inattentional Blindness occurs when visible objects are overlooked due to focusing on something else.
- Change Blindness refers to the failure to notice alterations in the environment.
Psychophysics
- Psychophysics examines the relationship between physical stimulus characteristics, like intensity, and psychological experiences.
Detection and Thresholds
- Absolute Threshold is the minimum stimulation required to detect a stimulus 50% of the time.
- Signal Detection Theory explains detection ability amid background stimulation, influenced by experience and motivation.
- Difference Threshold (just noticeable difference) is the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli.
Laws and Adaptation
- Weber's Law states that to perceive a difference, two stimuli must differ by a consistent percentage.
- Sensory Adaptation refers to reduced sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation.
Energy and Waves
- Transduction is the conversion of various forms of energy (light, sound) into neural impulses for interpretation by the brain.
- Wavelength measures the distance between peaks in light or sound waves, influencing properties like color and pitch.
- Hue defines the color dimension linked to light's wavelength, associated with names like blue and green.
- Intensity measures the energy amount in a wave, perceived as brightness in light or loudness in sound, determined by amplitude.
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Description
Explore key concepts in AP Psychology with this flashcard quiz focused on Chapter 4. Understand the differences between sensation and perception, essential processes in how we interact with our environment. Test your knowledge and reinforce your understanding of these fundamental ideas.