Chapter 3 Analyses of Continuous Data: T-Tests and ANOVA
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of conducting a One Sample T-test?

  • To compare the means of two related parameters
  • To compare the means of two populations based on independent samples
  • To compare sample results with a known and specified value (correct)
  • To compare two independent samples from different populations
  • What does the Two Independent Samples T-Test aim to determine?

  • If there is a significant difference between two independent samples from the same population
  • If the unknown means of two populations are different based on independent samples (correct)
  • If there is a significant difference between the means of two related parameters
  • If there is a significant difference between two independent samples from different populations
  • In what scenario would a Paired Data T-test be appropriate?

  • When dealing with independent samples from different populations
  • When comparing sample results with a known and specified value
  • When dealing with related parameters from the same population (correct)
  • When comparing the means of two populations based on independent samples
  • What does ANOVA stand for?

    <p>Analysis of Variance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a One Way ANOVA typically used?

    <p>When comparing more than two independent samples from different populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Two Way ANOVA allow for?

    <p>Simultaneous comparison of several group means to determine significant differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate statistical test for comparing means from a quantitative variable when dealing with paired measurements?

    <p>Paired t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the sample size is small and the data are clearly skewed or have outliers, which test should be performed instead of the one-sample t-test?

    <p>Non-parametric test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the study aims to compare three or more means, what should be used to avoid the loss of control over the experiment-wise significant level?

    <p>Analysis of variance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test is appropriate for analyzing the effect of a new anti-convulsion drug on selected patients, where the before and after measurements are available?

    <p>Paired t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evaluating the effect of training on dietary diversity, what should be used to compare the baseline and end line measurements?

    <p>Paired t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done instead of using a one-sample t-test if there are severe outliers and the sample size is at least 15?

    <p>Two-sample t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing the results of subjects who receive a treatment to a known value, what type of test should be used?

    <p>One-sample t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the data are skewed or contain outliers and the sample size is small, which test should be performed instead of the one-sample t-test?

    <p>Non-parametric test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a One Sample T-test?

    <p>To compare a sample mean with a known and specified value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a Two Independent Samples T-Test used?

    <p>To compare means from two separate populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Paired Data T-test aim to determine?

    <p>The difference between two related parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a One Way ANOVA be appropriate?

    <p>Comparing three or more means from independent samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Two Way ANOVA allow for?

    <p>Comparison of the effect of two different factors on the response variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would a One Way ANOVA be preferred over multiple t-tests?

    <p>When comparing three or more means from independent samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it inappropriate to use a one-sample t-test?

    <p>When the sample size is small and the data are clearly skewed or contain outliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study design would be appropriate to evaluate the effect of training on dietary diversity?

    <p>Randomized controlled trial (RCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparing three or more means, why is it better to use an analysis of variance (ANOVA) instead of multiple one-sample t-tests?

    <p>To decrease the chance of a Type I error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing the results of subjects who receive a treatment to a known value, which type of test should be used?

    <p>One-sample t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done instead of using a one-sample t-test if there are severe outliers and the sample size is at least 15?

    <p>Perform a non-parametric test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate statistical test for analyzing the effect of a new anti-convulsion drug on selected patients, where before and after measurements are available?

    <p>Paired t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the data are skewed or contain outliers and the sample size is small, which test should be performed instead of the one-sample t-test?

    <p>Non-parametric test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a study's test has enough power?

    <p>The study can detect an effect if one truly exists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to compare the baseline and end line measurements in evaluating the effect of training on dietary diversity?

    <p>Paired t-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a two-sample t-test not be used?

    <p>When comparing two matched groups with different measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hypothesis Testing

    • The purpose of a One Sample T-test is to compare the mean of a sample to a known population mean.
    • A Two Independent Samples T-Test aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups.
    • A Paired Data T-test is appropriate when there are paired measurements, such as before and after treatments.

    ANOVA

    • ANOVA stands for Analysis of Variance.
    • A One Way ANOVA is typically used when comparing three or more means to determine if there are any significant differences between them.
    • A Two Way ANOVA allows for the examination of the effect of two independent variables on a dependent variable.

    Comparing Means

    • The Paired Data T-test is the appropriate statistical test for comparing means from a quantitative variable when dealing with paired measurements.
    • If the sample size is small and the data are clearly skewed or have outliers, a non-parametric test should be performed instead of the one-sample t-test.
    • To avoid the loss of control over the experiment-wise significant level when comparing three or more means, ANOVA should be used instead of multiple t-tests.

    Paired Measurements

    • A Paired Data T-test is appropriate for analyzing the effect of a new anti-convulsion drug on selected patients, where the before and after measurements are available.
    • To evaluate the effect of training on dietary diversity, a Paired Data T-test should be used to compare the baseline and end line measurements.

    Skewed Data

    • If there are severe outliers and the sample size is at least 15, a non-parametric test should be performed instead of the one-sample t-test.
    • If the data are skewed or contain outliers and the sample size is small, a non-parametric test should be performed instead of the one-sample t-test.

    Study Design

    • A paired study design is appropriate to evaluate the effect of training on dietary diversity.
    • When comparing three or more means, it is better to use an analysis of variance (ANOVA) instead of multiple one-sample t-tests because ANOVA allows for the control of the experiment-wise significant level.

    Power

    • If a study's test has enough power, it means that the sample size is sufficient to detect a statistically significant effect if one exists.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of T-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as part of the comparison of continuous data. It includes topics such as different types of T-tests, introduction to ANOVA, one way ANOVA, and the importance of comparisons in biostatistics.

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