Chapter 27: The Urinary System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the components of the urinary system?

  • Two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
  • One kidney, two ureters, two urinary bladders, and one urethra
  • Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra (correct)
  • Two kidneys, two ureters, two urinary bladders, and two urethras

    • What happens to the water and solutes after the kidneys filter blood plasma?

  • Returned to the bloodstream (correct)
  • Stored in the bladder
  • Excreted as urine
  • Converted to red blood cells

    • Which hormone regulates erythrocyte production in response to kidney function?

  • Adrenaline
  • Erythropoietin (EPO) (correct)
  • Thyroxine
  • Insulin

    • Where does the regulation of ion levels such as sodium and potassium take place?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the urethra, ureters, and urinary bladder?

    <p>Urogenital system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the kidneys located in the body?

    <p>Between T12 and L3 vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the urinary system is responsible for storing urine?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urethra in the urinary system?

    <p>Transporting urine from the bladder outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the urinary system is correct?

    <p>The bladder expels urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost protective layer of the kidney called?

    <p>Renal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the kidney contains the nephrons?

    <p>Renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the kidney allows the passage of renal artery, vein, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

    <p>Renal hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do 1 million nephrons reside in the kidney?

    <p>Renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure passes through the renal medulla of the kidney?

    <p>Renal pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the renal tubules lies close to the nephron and collects urine?

    <p>Collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that divides the renal columns in the kidney?

    <p>Renal pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure collects urine and drains into the ureter in the kidney?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does reabsorption occur in the kidney?

    <p>Between proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the visceral layer of glomerular capsule?

    <p>Adjust the contents of the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are podocytes?

    <p>Cells with long processes around glomerular capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves water and some dissolved solutes moving out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space?

    <p>Glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens once fluid leaves plasma and enters the capsular space?

    <p>It becomes filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tubular reabsorption in urine formation?

    <p>To return substances from filtrate to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is part of the urinary tract?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic processes performed by nephrons in urine formation?

    <p>Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two distinct regions of the kidney based on internal anatomy?

    <p>Renal cortex and renal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the kidney, what do the renal columns do?

    <p>Extend from the renal cortex into the medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney is referred to as the tip of a renal pyramid?

    <p>Renal papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure collects urine and transports it into the ureter?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many renal lobes does a typical kidney have?

    <p>8-15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel delivers blood directly to the glomerulus in the kidney?

    <p>Renal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidney?

    <p>Filter blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the urinary system?

    <p>Help maintain long-term blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the opening of the urethra located in females?

    <p>External urethral orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the male urethra is lined by pseudostratified epithelium proximally and stratified squamous distally?

    <p>Spongy urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the prostatic urethra in males?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region does the male urethra pass through first before reaching the penis?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the male and female urethras?

    <p>Males have a longer spongy urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kidney Structure and Location

    • Kidneys are located behind the abdominal wall and are retroperitoneal.
    • The renal capsule is the innermost protective layer of the kidney.
    • The layer that protects the kidneys from trauma and holds them firmly in place is the renal capsule.
    • The renal cortex is the region of the kidney that contains nephrons.
    • The renal hilum is the structure through which the renal artery, vein, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.
    • The renal cortex has approximately 1 million nephrons.
    • Renal pyramids are structures that pass through the renal medulla of the kidney.

    Nephron Function

    • A nephron receives blood through the afferent arteriole.
    • The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the nephron.
    • The collecting duct is part of the renal tubules that lies close to the nephron and collects urine.
    • The renal pyramids divide the renal columns.

    Urinary Tract

    • The urinary tract is composed of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
    • The urinary bladder collects urine and drains into the ureter.
    • The trigone is the area of the bladder where the ureters open.

    Urinary System Functions

    • The urinary system filters waste products from the blood and converts it to urine.
    • The system regulates blood volume, erythrocyte production, ion levels, and acid-base balance.
    • The urethra transports urine from the urinary bladder and expels it outside the body.

    Kidney Functions

    • The kidneys filter blood plasma and return most of the water and solutes to the bloodstream.
    • The kidneys regulate blood volume, erythrocyte production, ion levels, and acid-base balance.
    • Erythropoietin acts on stem cells in the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production.

    Urine Formation

    • Nephrons form urine through three processes: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
    • Glomerular filtration occurs when water and dissolved solutes move out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle.
    • Tubular reabsorption occurs when substances in the filtrate return to the blood.
    • Tubular secretion occurs when solutes are actively transported out of the blood and into the tubular fluid.

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    Description

    Explore the general structure, functions, and components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Learn how the kidneys filter waste products from the blood and produce urine.

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