Chapter 23 - Bleeding Quiz

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Questions and Answers

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

250 mL

500 mL

2 L

1 L (correct)

A young male was shot in the abdomen. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

Apply a non-rebreathing mask.

Obtain baseline vital signs.

Perform a secondary assessment. (correct)

Assist the patient's ventilations. (correct)

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

50 mL

200 mL

100 mL (correct)

150 mL

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

Is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury. (A), Should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum. (B), Should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze. (C), Is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

Systolic blood pressure exclusively. (A), Ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. (B), Ability of the blood to effectively clot. (C), White blood cell's ability to fight infection. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

Perfusion. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

Repeat the primary assessment. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

Bruising only. (C), Pain and distention. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. You should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

Spleen. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

Hematuria. (C), Hematemesis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

Shock. (B), Cyanosis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

The clotting ability of the blood is enhanced. (A), At least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost. (B), The body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. (C), The patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.

Apply direct pressure first. (A), Use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound. (B), All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

A tourniquet proximal to the injury. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg. (A), Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg. (B), Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg. (C), Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Loss and Shock

A fractured femur can result in the loss of approximately 1 L of blood into the thigh’s soft tissues.
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL can show signs of shock after losing just 100 mL of blood.
Hypoperfusion refers to inadequate blood circulation, synonymous with shock.

Assessment and Intervention

For a patient shot in the abdomen, while controlling external bleeding, assist with ventilations if the patient shows shallow breathing and is semiconscious.
In cases of severe abdominal pain during transport, repeat the primary assessment if the patient becomes diaphoretic and stops conversing.
Early indications of intra-abdominal bleeding include pain and distention.

Specific Injuries

Bleeding from the nose post-head trauma suggests a skull fracture and should not be stopped.
Injury to the spleen is suspected if a patient presents with left upper quadrant pain and shoulder referred pain after blunt abdominal trauma.
Gastrointestinal bleeding is suspected if a patient exhibits hematemesis (vomiting blood).

Clotting and Coagulation

Blood stasis, vessel wall changes, and certain medications impair the blood’s ability to clot effectively.
Applying direct pressure with a sterile dressing is the first step to control bleeding, covering the entire wound with the dressing.

Bleeding Control Techniques

If direct pressure does not stop severe bleeding from an extremity, apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
External bleeding from a femoral artery laceration is especially difficult to manage, with a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg complicating control.

Hypovolemic Shock

Hypovolemic shock occurs when the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss, particularly significant when more than 10% of total blood volume is lost.
Indications of hypoperfusion and shock include low blood pressure and signs of tissue inadequacy such as cyanosis and hypoxemia.

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Description

Test your knowledge on bleeding management with this quiz based on Chapter 23. It covers scenarios such as traumatic injuries and blood loss in emergency situations. Perfect for students studying emergency medicine and first aid.