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Questions and Answers
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
- 250 mL
- 500 mL
- 2 L
- 1 L (correct)
A young male was shot in the abdomen. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:
A young male was shot in the abdomen. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:
- Apply a non-rebreathing mask.
- Obtain baseline vital signs.
- Perform a secondary assessment. (correct)
- Assist the patient's ventilations. (correct)
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
- 50 mL
- 200 mL
- 100 mL (correct)
- 150 mL
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.
During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:
During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. You should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. You should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
Hypoperfusion is another name for:
Hypoperfusion is another name for:
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.
If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.
If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?
In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?
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Study Notes
Blood Loss and Shock
- A fractured femur can result in the loss of approximately 1 L of blood into the thigh’s soft tissues.
- An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL can show signs of shock after losing just 100 mL of blood.
- Hypoperfusion refers to inadequate blood circulation, synonymous with shock.
Assessment and Intervention
- For a patient shot in the abdomen, while controlling external bleeding, assist with ventilations if the patient shows shallow breathing and is semiconscious.
- In cases of severe abdominal pain during transport, repeat the primary assessment if the patient becomes diaphoretic and stops conversing.
- Early indications of intra-abdominal bleeding include pain and distention.
Specific Injuries
- Bleeding from the nose post-head trauma suggests a skull fracture and should not be stopped.
- Injury to the spleen is suspected if a patient presents with left upper quadrant pain and shoulder referred pain after blunt abdominal trauma.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding is suspected if a patient exhibits hematemesis (vomiting blood).
Clotting and Coagulation
- Blood stasis, vessel wall changes, and certain medications impair the blood’s ability to clot effectively.
- Applying direct pressure with a sterile dressing is the first step to control bleeding, covering the entire wound with the dressing.
Bleeding Control Techniques
- If direct pressure does not stop severe bleeding from an extremity, apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
- External bleeding from a femoral artery laceration is especially difficult to manage, with a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg complicating control.
Hypovolemic Shock
- Hypovolemic shock occurs when the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss, particularly significant when more than 10% of total blood volume is lost.
- Indications of hypoperfusion and shock include low blood pressure and signs of tissue inadequacy such as cyanosis and hypoxemia.
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