Questions and Answers
Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? (Select one)
In older patients, the first indicator of non-traumatic internal bleeding may be: (Select one)
Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? (Select one)
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: (Select one)
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Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)? (Select one)
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Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues? (Select one)
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A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: (Select one)
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Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: (Select one)
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What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding? (Select one)
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Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.
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The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: (Select one)
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If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: (Select one)
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A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: (Select one)
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A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: (Select one)
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If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. (Select one)
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Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? (Select one)
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Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. (Select one)
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Hypovolemic shock occurs when: (Select one)
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Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: (Select one)
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Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? (Select one)
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Study Notes
Heart and Blood Flow
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood.
- Red blood cells transport oxygen to tissues and carry waste away.
Indicators of Internal Bleeding
- In older patients, weakness or dizziness may be the first sign of non-traumatic internal bleeding.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding can manifest as weakness, dizziness, and melena in older males with low blood pressure and high pulse rates.
Assessment of Internal Bleeding
- Significant findings include the patient's history of medications like rivaroxaban (Xarelto), which affects bleeding risk.
- In the event of blunt abdominal trauma, diffuse abdominal pain and shoulder pain could indicate a spleen injury.
Organ Tolerance to Perfusion
- The gastrointestinal system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion compared to other organ systems.
Emergency Response and Treatment
- If direct pressure doesn’t control severe bleeding from an extremity, a tourniquet should be applied proximal to the injury.
- Applying splints helps control bleeding in fractured extremities.
Bleeding Control Mechanisms
- The body utilizes clotting, coagulation, and vasoconstriction to manage bleeding effectively.
- Adequate perfusion is necessary for blood circulation to meet oxygen, nutritional, and waste removal needs in tissues.
Severity of Bleeding
- Evaluation of bleeding severity includes clinical signs, general appearance, and the mechanism of injury; systolic blood pressure is not a defining factor.
Special Cases
- In cases where a patient is shot in the abdomen and semi-conscious, assistance with ventilations is crucial while controlling external bleeding.
- For severe nosebleeds, the recommended treatment is to pinch nostrils and lean forward; this approach prevents blood from traveling back into the throat.
First Aid and Treatment Techniques
- When dressing a wound, direct pressure, the appropriate size of dressings, and complete coverage of the wound are essential.
- For open fractures with external bleeding, air splints are the preferred option.
Blood Volume Loss and Shock
- Significant vital sign changes are observed when an adult loses more than 20% of total blood volume, signaling hypovolemic shock, which occurs when the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.
Tourniquet Use
- A tourniquet should only be removed in a hospital setting to prevent returned bleeding.
- Tourniquets should be applied above the injury site, and direct pressure at proximal arterial points is prioritized.
Hemophilia
- Patients with hemophilia can spontaneously bleed, highlighting the need for careful management; they do not benefit from aspirin, which enhances bleeding.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bleeding and its management with this quiz based on EMT Chapter 25. Covering essential concepts such as heart functions and indicators of internal bleeding, this quiz will help you reinforce key information critical for emergency medical responders.
