Chapter 2: League of Nations in the 1920s

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Questions and Answers

What territory did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

Memel

Alsace and Lorraine

North Schleswig

All of the above (correct)

Which territory was returned to France after World War I?

East Prussia

Saar Valley (correct)

Eupen and Malmédy

North Schleswig

What was one reason why German objections to the Treaty of Versailles may have been justified?

The eradication of Germany's military forces.

The treaty failed to address all French territorial concerns.

The harshness of the terms compared to German expectations. (correct)

Germany was still considered a major economic power. (correct)

How many troops were Germany limited to in the Treaty of Versailles?

100,000 troops Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas became independent as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

Latvia Signup and view all the answers

What was Germany required to do with the Saar Valley under the Treaty of Versailles?

Allow France to use its coal mines for 15 years Signup and view all the answers

What concern did the French have regarding Germany after the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany would remain strong enough to rebuild. Signup and view all the answers

What is a plebiscite?

A referendum for local opinion Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Versailles fail to do regarding the major European powers?

Impose similar disarmament conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What concept from Wilson's Fourteen Points was notably ignored during the Treaty of Versailles negotiations?

Peace without victory. Signup and view all the answers

Which territory provided Poland access to the sea through the 'Polish Corridor'?

West Prussia Signup and view all the answers

Germany lost its African colonies after World War I because they became what?

Mandates under League of Nations supervision Signup and view all the answers

What type of areas did Germany lose due to the Treaty of Versailles?

Territories gained from previous wars. Signup and view all the answers

What geographical region was divided from Germany as part of the Treaty of Versailles?

West Prussia Signup and view all the answers

What was a potential risk posed by Germany according to the content?

Restoring its military might. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Germany's post-war status was a point of contention in the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany's economic capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major geographical consequences for Germany after the First World War?

Germany was split into two by the Polish Corridor. Signup and view all the answers

Which regions were returned to France after the First World War?

Alsace and Lorraine Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant limitation placed on Germany's military by the treaty?

No submarines or tanks allowed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of self-determination primarily concerned with?

The right of people to govern themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence faced by German-speaking people after the war?

They faced persecution for Germany's role in the war. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to newly formed states after the First World War?

Successor states Signup and view all the answers

What was Wilson's definition of 'nationality' based on?

Common language Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the humiliation felt by Germany after the treaty?

The loss of territory and military restrictions. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main issues that led to Yugoslavia's vulnerability after the post-war agreements?

Heavy dependency on Western loans Signup and view all the answers

What did the Paris Peace Conference establish regarding Poland?

Poland was confirmed as an independent nation Signup and view all the answers

How many ethnic Poles were in Poland's population of 27 million?

Less than 18 million Signup and view all the answers

Wilson's belief that nationality could be determined by language was considered to be what?

Oversimplified Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge for Poland's re-emergence as an independent nation?

Conflicting ambitions among ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following empires partitioned Poland for over a century?

Russian Empire Signup and view all the answers

How did the post-war settlements affect Yugoslavia and its successor states?

They generated conflicts and instability Signup and view all the answers

What population demographic complications did Poland face after World War I?

More ethnic groups than governmental support Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor contributing to disharmony among the 'Big Three' at Versailles?

Differing opinions on reparations Signup and view all the answers

Which country was primarily burdened with heavy reparation payments?

Germany Signup and view all the answers

What did Wilson argue regarding the reparations imposed on defeated nations?

They would lead to resentment and a desire for revenge Signup and view all the answers

What was Lloyd George's position on reparations?

He agreed with reparations but wanted to minimize them Signup and view all the answers

In which region were most of the war’s major battles fought?

Nord-pas de Calais Signup and view all the answers

What was the total amount of reparations imposed on Germany?

£6.6 billion Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of Clemenceau regarding reparations?

Punishing Germany adequately for the war Signup and view all the answers

What did Wilson believe would be the outcome of imposing high reparations?

Instilling a desire for revenge in Germany Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of Wilson's Fourteen Points speech during World War I?

To promote the establishment of a global peace framework. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk have on Germany's military strategy?

It allowed Germany to focus solely on the Western Front. Signup and view all the answers

Which leader was trying to solidify the Bolshevik government in Russia during World War I?

Lenin Signup and view all the answers

Why did Wilson hope that Russia would remain involved in World War I?

To strengthen the alliance against Germany. Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Bolshevik government signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Raising morale among the Central Powers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the situation in Russia at the time of Wilson's speech?

Russia was facing severe internal strife and economic hardship. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Central Powers hoping for after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

An opportunity for rapid military advancement in the West. Signup and view all the answers

During March 1918, what key event occurred that affected Wilson's hopes?

The Bolshevik government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 2: The League of Nations and International Relations in the 1920s

Learning Objectives: Understand the difficulties of peace settlements, reasons and methods for easing international tensions in the 1920s, successes and failures of those attempts, and the League of Nations' establishment and effectiveness.

Timeline of Events

October 1917: Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
January 1919: Opening of the Paris Peace Conference at Versailles
September 1919: Treaty of Saint Germain
May 1921: Treaty formally ending the war between the USA and Germany
August 1920: Treaty of Sèvres
April 1922: Treaty of Rapallo (Germany and the USSR)
August 1924: The Dawes Plan
October 1929: Wall Street Crash
June 1919: Treaty of Versailles
March 1918: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Germany and Russia)
November 1919: Treaty of Neuilly
August 1920: Treaty of Trianon
1922-23: World Disarmament Conference
1921-22: Washington Conferences
January 1923: French occupation of the Ruhr
August 1929: The Young Plan
October 1925: Locarno Conference
August 1928: Kellogg-Briand Pact–

Introduction

The First World War's political effects were devastating, leading to the dismantling of empires and chaos.
The German Emperor abdicated in 1918.
The task of creating post-war peace treaties was challenging due to differing national interests.
Woodrow Wilson, though committed to fairness, faced resistance from European politicians.
The 1919-1920 peace settlement imposed severe terms on defeated nations.
Old tensions and potential new ones were present.
The US Senate's refusal to ratify the peace settlement significantly impacted global affairs.
Russia, with its revolutionary government, did not participate in the peace talks.

2.1 Why was there dissatisfaction with the peace settlements of 1919-20?

Key terms: Ratify, Communism, Tsarist regime, US Senate discussed.
Implication of treaties: Treaties (Versailles, Trianon, Neuilly, Saint Germain, Sèvres) and their implications are discussed.

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Description

This quiz explores the League of Nations and its role in international relations during the 1920s. It includes key events such as peace treaties and disarmament efforts, helping to assess the successes and shortcomings of peace settlements after World War I. Test your understanding of how these events shaped global diplomacy in the aftermath of the war.