Infection Control and Sterilization
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of sterilization?

  • To kill harmful vegetative microorganisms
  • To prevent contamination of non-living surfaces
  • To remove or destroy all forms of microbial life (correct)
  • To disinfect surfaces with chemicals

    • Which of the following methods utilizes moist heat for sterilization?

  • Bunsen burner
  • Autoclaving (correct)
  • Hot air oven
  • Chemical disinfectants

    • What is essential for the proper functioning of a hot air oven during sterilization?

  • Use of water to create steam
  • A fan to circulate air evenly (correct)
  • A direct flame for heating
  • Cooling elements to reduce temperature spikes

    • Which of the following materials is suitable for sterilization using a hot air oven?

    <p>Glassware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of disinfection?

    <p>Killing or removing harmful vegetative microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most critical method to reduce the transmission of infections in healthcare settings?

    <p>Handwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason medical/surgical asepsis is effective?

    <p>Conscientiousness of the individuals performing the procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions should be performed AFTER contact with a patient?

    <p>After contact with a patient and their immediate surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by a susceptible host?

    <p>A person who is at risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection transmission method includes inhalation?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should hands be washed according to the recommended practice?

    <p>10-30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT one of the 5 moments for Hand Hygiene?

    <p>Before preparing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method to interrupt the chain of infection?

    <p>Handwashing and good hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission involves direct contact through skin or mucosal surfaces?

    <p>Direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes the importance of hygiene in infection control?

    <p>Practice good personal hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission type is characterized by exposure to an infected person's secretions while in close proximity?

    <p>Droplet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route for airborne transmission of infectious pathogens?

    <p>Inhalation of contaminated air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs when pathogens transfer through inanimate objects?

    <p>Vehicle-borne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically associated with vector-borne transmission?

    <p>Insect bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key principles underlying aseptic technique in healthcare?

    <p>The patient is a source of pathogenic microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT recommended for infection control?

    <p>Avoiding the use of personal protective equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carrier in the context of infectious diseases?

    <p>A person or animal that harbors pathogens without showing signs of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the infectious process do specific signs and symptoms first appear?

    <p>Prodromal period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does isolation refer to in infection control?

    <p>The separation of infected individuals from healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the reservoir in the infection chain?

    <p>The natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of infection control as per the WHO?

    <p>To prevent patients and health workers from being harmed by avoidable infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period of the infectious process does the body begin to recover?

    <p>Convalescent period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission in the context of infections?

    <p>The mechanisms through which pathogens spread from one host to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a portal of exit?

    <p>Nasal mucus during a cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the procedure described?

    <p>To avoid the spread of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials should be used first when putting on protective equipment?

    <p>Mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence for removing protective equipment?

    <p>Gloves, Gown, Cap, Mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should gloves be removed to prevent contamination?

    <p>Turn them inside out without touching the outside surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves touching only the wrong side of the material?

    <p>Gowning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do with used gloves after removal?

    <p>Dispose of them properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions should not be taken when removing a mask?

    <p>Dispose of the mask in the laundry hamper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dry heat in sterilization?

    <p>To kill microorganisms by destroying oxidative processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sterilization and Disinfection

    • The aim of sterilization is to eliminate or destroy all forms of microbial life, including vegetative and spore forms.
    • Disinfection involves killing or removing harmful vegetative microorganisms.
    • Disinfectants are chemical substances used to achieve disinfection.
    • Antiseptics are chemical substances applied to living tissue to prevent infection.
    • Carriers are individuals who harbor pathogens without showing signs of illness, potentially transmitting them to others.
    • Isolation separates individuals with communicable diseases to prevent direct or indirect transmission.

    Infection Chain

    • The chain of infection consists of six links: etiologic/infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
    • Etiologic/infectious agents are microorganisms that cause disease in humans or animals.
    • Reservoirs are natural habitats for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.
    • Portal of exit is any route through which a pathogen leaves the reservoir.
    • Mode of transmission refers to the ways infectious agents spread from one host to another.
    • Portal of entry is the point where an infectious agent enters a susceptible host.
    • Susceptible hosts are individuals at risk of infection due to weakened immune systems, malnutrition, or poor hygiene.

    Infection Control

    • Infection prevention and control (IPC) aims to prevent patients and health workers from being harmed by avoidable infections.
    • Principles of IPC include assuming everyone is potentially infectious, practicing good personal hygiene, keeping the workplace clean, properly disposing of infectious waste, and using personal protective equipment (PPE) when needed.

    Aseptic Technique

    • Aseptic technique refers to practices and procedures used to prevent infection or interrupt the infection chain.
    • The patient is considered a source of pathogenic microorganisms.
    • Microorganisms exist in the environment and can cause illness under certain circumstances.
    • Microorganisms harmful to humans can be transmitted through direct and indirect contact.

    Handwashing

    • Handwashing is the most important method for reducing the transmission of infection in healthcare settings.
    • It involves cleaning hands with soap and water for at least 10-30 seconds with vigorous motion, including all surfaces of the hands, fingers, and wrist.

    Sterilization Methods

    • Dry Heat sterilization involves using high temperatures to destroy microorganisms by oxidizing their processes.
    • Moist Heat sterilization uses hot water to denature proteins and kill microorganisms.
    • Autoclaving is a standard sterilization method in hospitals involving pressurized steam heat.

    Sterilization and Disinfection Methods

    • Naked flame: Used for sterilizing bacteriological loops, knives, and blades.
    • Bunsen burner: Another method for sterilizing small instruments with a naked flame.
    • Hot Air Oven: Exposes items to dry heat at 160°C for 1 hour.
      • Used for materials lacking water, such as metals, glassware, ointments, oils, waxes, and powders.

    Aseptic Procedures

    • Masking, Capping, Gowning, Gloving: A sequence of steps followed to protect against infection.
    • Putting on and Removing Gloves: A procedure to maintain sterile conditions while handling equipment.
    • Putting on and Removing Caps, Gowns, and Masks (ear loops): Steps to prevent contamination and protect healthcare workers.

    Stages of the Infectious Process

    • Incubation period: The time between the entry of microorganisms into the body and the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms.
    • Prodromal period: The time characterized by non-specific signs and symptoms leading to specific signs and symptoms.
    • Illness period: The time when specific signs and symptoms develop and become severe.
    • Decline period: The time when the body begins to recover from the infection, and prominent symptoms diminish.
    • Convalescent period: The recovery phase characterized by regaining health and strength gradually.

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    Introduction to Health Care (Lab) - Infection Control - PDF

    Description

    Explore the critical concepts of sterilization and disinfection in infection control. This quiz covers the infection chain, types of microorganisms, and methods to prevent disease transmission. Test your knowledge on antiseptics, disinfectants, and the importance of isolation in healthcare settings.

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