Chapter 18: Common Chronic and Acute Conditions
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Questions and Answers

What is dermatitis?

A general term that refers to an inflammation, or swelling, of the skin.

What are examples of fungal infections?

  • Tinea (correct)
  • Athlete's foot (correct)
  • Vaginal yeast infections (correct)
  • Chickenpox

    • What is scabies?

    A contagious skin condition caused by a tiny mite that burrows into the skin.

    What causes shingles?

    <p>The varicella-zoster virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stasis dermatitis?

    <p>A skin condition that occurs due to a build-up of fluid under the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as an injury to the skin?

    <p>A wound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthritis is a general term referring to _________ of the joints.

    <p>swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause arthritis as an autoimmune illness?

    <p>The immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is osteoarthritis most common in?

    <p>The elderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weather may increase pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Cold weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rheumatoid arthritis affects the _________ joints first.

    <p>smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medications is arthritis generally treated with?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When caring for a resident who has a cast, the NA should _________ the extremity that is in a cast to stop swelling.

    <p>elevate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cast should be kept _________ and clean at all times.

    <p>dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bone must be _________ to allow the fusion of fractured parts.

    <p>immobilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are signs and symptoms of a fracture?

    <p>Swelling at the site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can causes fractures?

    <p>Osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A wet cast can be placed on a _________ so that its shape is not altered as it dries.

    <p>pillow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a resident insert something inside a cast?

    <p>Never.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an open fracture?

    <p>A fracture that has penetrated the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are hip fractures more common in the elderly?

    <p>Because bones weaken as people age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side should residents recovering from hip replacements dress first?

    <p>The affected or weaker side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation PWB stand for?

    <p>Partial weight bearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NWB mean on a resident's care plan?

    <p>Is unable to support any weight on one or both legs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phantom limb pain?

    <p>Pain felt in a limb that has been amputated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis causes the protective _________ for the nerves to break down over time.

    <p>covering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a person with MS, the nerves cannot send _________ to and from the brain in a normal way.

    <p>messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms of MS include _________ vision, fatigue, tremors, poor balance, and difficulty walking.

    <p>blurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nursing assistant offer to residents with MS?

    <p>Rest periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the NA do to help residents communicate?

    <p>Give residents plenty of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ can worsen the effects of MS.

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of epilepsy?

    <p>A brain disorder causing a disruption in normal electrical impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a cataract develops?

    <p>The lens of the eye becomes cloudy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is glaucoma often treated?

    <p>With eye drops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood pressure measurement at which a person is diagnosed with hypertension?

    <p>$140/90$ or higher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three possible causes of hypertension?

    <p>Atherosclerosis, hardening/narrowing of blood vessels, kidney disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is treatment of hypertension important?

    <p>It can lead to serious conditions, such as CVA, heart attack, kidney disease, or blindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a myocardial infarction?

    <p>When blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can congestive heart failure be treated and controlled?

    <p>With medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do medications help remove in congestive heart failure?

    <p>Excess fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does congestive heart failure mean for bathroom trips?

    <p>More trips to the bathroom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of activity may be prescribed for residents with congestive heart failure?

    <p>Limited activity or bedrest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might residents need to be weighed at the same time every day?

    <p>To monitor fluid retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may help residents who have trouble breathing?

    <p>Extra pillows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of CHF medication?

    <p>Dizziness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is peripheral vascular disease?

    <p>A condition in which the legs, feet, arms, or hands do not have enough blood circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes peripheral vascular disease?

    <p>Fatty deposits in blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should anti-embolic hose be applied?

    <p>Before the resident gets out of bed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have difficulty with?

    <p>Breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common fear for a person who has COPD?

    <p>Not being able to breathe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best position for a resident with COPD?

    <p>Sitting upright.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should part of the nursing assistant's role in caring for a resident with COPD include?

    <p>Being calm and supportive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chronic bronchitis and emphysema grouped under?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is asthma?

    <p>A chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bronchiectasis?

    <p>Condition in which the bronchial tubes are abnormally enlarged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lung cancer?

    <p>Development of abnormal cells or tumors in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tuberculosis?

    <p>A highly contagious lung disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an upper respiratory infection?

    <p>A viral infection of the nose, sinuses, and throat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does diabetes condition relate to?

    <p>Insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem can sugars collecting in the blood cause?

    <p>Problems with circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is type 1 diabetes?

    <p>A condition that continues throughout a person's life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious conditions can changes in the circulatory system from diabetes cause?

    <p>Heart attack and stroke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of diabetes?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can poor circulation and impaired wound healing result in?

    <p>Gangrene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can gangrene lead to?

    <p>Amputation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs when a person's blood glucose level is above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Pre-diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Careful _________ care is vitally important for people with diabetes.

    <p>foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should lotion not be applied for a diabetic resident?

    <p>Between the toes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during hyperthyroidism?

    <p>The thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during hypothyroidism?

    <p>The thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Care for the person who has HIV or AIDS should focus on what?

    <p>Providing relief of symptoms and preventing infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the NA do if a resident with AIDS has a poor appetite?

    <p>Serve familiar and favorite foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet may residents who have AIDS need?

    <p>Low in acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a resident with AIDS who has nausea and vomiting do?

    <p>Drink liquids and eat salty foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fluids important for residents who have diarrhea?

    <p>Diarrhea rapidly depletes the body of fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is helpful in dealing with neuropathy?

    <p>Using a bed cradle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a legal right regarding HIV?

    <p>HIV test results are confidential and cannot be shared with anyone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line of defense for malignant tumors?

    <p>Surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of chemotherapy?

    <p>Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and decreased resistance to infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment method uses intravenous medications to destroy cancer cells?

    <p>Chemotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment method involves removing as much of the tumor as possible?

    <p>Surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment method kills normal and abnormal cells in a limited area?

    <p>Radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help promote proper nutrition for a resident with cancer?

    <p>Serve favorite foods that are high in nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nursing assistant do if a resident is experiencing pain?

    <p>Assist with comfort measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skin Conditions

    • Dermatitis: Inflammation or swelling of the skin.
    • Fungal Infections: Caused by fungal imbalances (e.g., athlete's foot, vaginal yeast infections, tinea).
    • Scabies: Contagious condition caused by mites that burrow into the skin; transmitted through direct contact.
    • Shingles: Skin rash resulting from varicella-zoster virus (same virus as chickenpox).
    • Stasis Dermatitis: Occurs due to fluid build-up under the skin, often affecting lower legs and ankles.

    Injuries and Fractures

    • Wound: Skin injury classified as open or closed.
    • Swelling: Refers to inflammation of joints, often associated with arthritis.
    • Signs of Fracture: Include swelling at the site of the injury and possible pain.
    • Open Fracture: Penetrates the skin; high risk of infection.
    • Osteoporosis: Leads to weakened bones, increasing fracture risk, especially in the elderly.

    Arthritis

    • Autoimmune Illness: Arthritis can be caused by the immune system attacking normal tissue.
    • Osteoarthritis: Common in the elderly; worsens in cold weather; typically affects larger joints first.
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Often starts with smaller joints; treats with anti-inflammatory medications.
    • Patient Care: Elevate extremities in casts to reduce swelling; keep the cast dry and clean.
    • Diabetes: Condition where the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin; affects circulation.
    • Type 1 Diabetes: A lifelong condition starting usually in childhood.
    • Type 2 Diabetes: The most common form; often leads to complications like gangrene.
    • Foot Care: Critical for diabetic patients; apply lotion with caution—avoid areas between the toes.

    Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health

    • Hypertension: Diagnosed at a blood pressure of 140/90 or higher; can lead to severe conditions like stroke or heart attack.
    • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Managed with medications to remove excess fluids.
    • Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD): Results from inadequate blood circulation due to fatty deposits in blood vessels.
    • COPD: Characterized by difficulty breathing; support residents by remaining calm and providing necessary relief measures.

    Cancer Treatment

    • Malignant Tumors: First-line treatment often involves surgery to remove tumors and prevent spread.
    • Chemotherapy: Intravenous medications used to destroy cancer cells; side effects include nausea and hair loss.
    • Radiation: Kills normal and abnormal cells in a targeted area; may cause skin irritation.

    Neurological Conditions

    • Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Deterioration of the protective covering of nerves; leads to communication problems in the nervous system; symptoms include fatigue and blurred vision.
    • Epilepsy: Disruption of normal electrical impulses in the brain; causes repeated seizures.

    HIV and AIDS Management

    • Patient Rights: HIV test results are confidential; must be safeguarded.
    • Nutrition: Providing favorite, high-nutrition foods can help residents with AIDS who have poor appetites.
    • Care Focus: Symptom relief and infection prevention are essential in managing HIV/AIDS.

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    Description

    Explore key terms related to common chronic and acute conditions in this flashcard quiz. Definitions include dermatitis, fungal infections, and scabies, providing clear insights into these medical terms. Perfect for students preparing for healthcare-related examinations.

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