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Questions and Answers
What is sharecropping?
What is sharecropping?
What was the Farmers' Alliance?
What was the Farmers' Alliance?
An organization of farmers founded in the late 19th century to improve working conditions.
Who were the Populists?
Who were the Populists?
Evolved from the Farmers' Alliance, known as the People's Party.
What did the Colored Farmers' Alliance advocate for?
What did the Colored Farmers' Alliance advocate for?
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What was the significance of Tom Watson?
What was the significance of Tom Watson?
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Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?
Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?
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What event led to martial law in Coeur d'Alene in 1892?
What event led to martial law in Coeur d'Alene in 1892?
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What was Coxey's Army?
What was Coxey's Army?
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Who was James Weaver?
Who was James Weaver?
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What was Pullman, Illinois known for?
What was Pullman, Illinois known for?
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What was the American Railway Union?
What was the American Railway Union?
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What was the outcome for Eugene V. Debs after the American Railway Strike?
What was the outcome for Eugene V. Debs after the American Railway Strike?
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What did the Supreme Court case In Re Debs (1894) confirm?
What did the Supreme Court case In Re Debs (1894) confirm?
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What was the focus of the 1896 campaign led by William Jennings Bryan?
What was the focus of the 1896 campaign led by William Jennings Bryan?
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What is the 'cross of gold' speech?
What is the 'cross of gold' speech?
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What was meant by the 'money question' during the campaign?
What was meant by the 'money question' during the campaign?
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What is the Social Gospel?
What is the Social Gospel?
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Who was William McKinley?
Who was William McKinley?
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What is a front porch campaign?
What is a front porch campaign?
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Who was Mark Hanna?
Who was Mark Hanna?
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What did the Gold Standard Act do?
What did the Gold Standard Act do?
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Who was Frank L. Baum?
Who was Frank L. Baum?
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What were the Redeemers?
What were the Redeemers?
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What is convict labor?
What is convict labor?
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Who was Lewis Hine?
Who was Lewis Hine?
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What did the New South refer to?
What did the New South refer to?
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What did Pap Singleton promote?
What did Pap Singleton promote?
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What was a poll tax?
What was a poll tax?
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What was a literacy test?
What was a literacy test?
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What is a 'grandfather clause'?
What is a 'grandfather clause'?
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What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
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What is a 'test case' in the context of Plessy v. Ferguson?
What is a 'test case' in the context of Plessy v. Ferguson?
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What does 'separate but equal' mean?
What does 'separate but equal' mean?
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What is lynching?
What is lynching?
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Who was Ida B. Wells?
Who was Ida B. Wells?
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What are 'new immigrants'?
What are 'new immigrants'?
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What was the Immigration Restriction League?
What was the Immigration Restriction League?
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What is the Australian ballot?
What is the Australian ballot?
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What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
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Who was Booker T. Washington?
Who was Booker T. Washington?
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What did the Tuskegee Institute aim to achieve?
What did the Tuskegee Institute aim to achieve?
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What does AFL stand for?
What does AFL stand for?
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Who was Samuel Gompers?
Who was Samuel Gompers?
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What was the 'women's era'?
What was the 'women's era'?
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What does WCTU stand for?
What does WCTU stand for?
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Who was Frances Willard?
Who was Frances Willard?
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Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?
Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?
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What is the National American Woman Suffrage Association?
What is the National American Woman Suffrage Association?
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What is the Age of Imperialism?
What is the Age of Imperialism?
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What was 'Seward's icebox'?
What was 'Seward's icebox'?
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Who was Dwight Moody?
Who was Dwight Moody?
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Who was William Randolph Hearst?
Who was William Randolph Hearst?
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Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
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What is yellow press?
What is yellow press?
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What was the USS Maine?
What was the USS Maine?
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What did the Teller Amendment state?
What did the Teller Amendment state?
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What happened at the Battle of Manila Bay?
What happened at the Battle of Manila Bay?
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Who was Admiral George Dewey?
Who was Admiral George Dewey?
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What were the Rough Riders?
What were the Rough Riders?
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What was San Juan Hill known for?
What was San Juan Hill known for?
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What did the Platt Amendment allow?
What did the Platt Amendment allow?
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What was the annexation of Hawaii?
What was the annexation of Hawaii?
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What is Guantanamo Bay?
What is Guantanamo Bay?
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What was the Open Door Policy?
What was the Open Door Policy?
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What was the Philippine War?
What was the Philippine War?
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What did the Foraker Act do?
What did the Foraker Act do?
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What were the Insular Cases?
What were the Insular Cases?
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What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?
What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?
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Study Notes
Sharecropping and Alliances
- Sharecropping trapped tenant farmers in a cycle of poverty, requiring profit-sharing agreements.
- The Farmers' Alliance, founded in the late 19th century, aimed to improve working conditions for farmers and expanded to 43 states by 1890, later evolving into the Populist Party.
Populism and Leadership
- The Populists emerged from the Farmers' Alliance, targeting rural issues and gaining support from miners and former Knights of Labor members.
- Colored Farmers' Alliance was established by Black farmers in the South in 1891 to address discrimination within the broader Farmers' Alliance.
Key Figures
- Tom Watson sought to unite Black and White farmers in Georgia through the Populist agenda.
- Mary Elizabeth Lease, an early female lawyer in Kansas, championed women's rights.
Labor Movements and Political Protests
- The 1892 Coeur d'Alene strike led to martial law declaring in Idaho.
- Jacob Coxey led Coxey's Army, a protest of unemployed men demanding jobs, which was violently suppressed by federal forces.
Election of 1892 and Key Events
- James Weaver represented the Populists in the 1892 presidential election, garnering over 1 million votes and 22 electoral votes.
- Pullman, Illinois served as a backdrop for labor disputes, leading to significant protests. The American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs, played a critical role in nationwide strikes against poor working conditions.
Supreme Court and Legal Developments
- The In Re Debs (1894) Supreme Court case upheld sentences against labor union members and endorsed injunctions against strikes.
- The Gold Standard Act, enacted in 1900, mandated that all paper money be backed by gold, restricting silver circulation.
Women's Rights and Social Movements
- The period known as the "women's era" saw enhanced roles for women regarding wage control, property rights, and suffrage.
- The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), led by Frances Willard, became a significant force in advocating for women's rights and temperance.
Immigration and Racial Policies
- The Immigration Restriction League emerged in 1894, demanding literacy tests for immigrants, although this measure was vetoed by President Cleveland.
- The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1892 prohibited Chinese immigration, reflecting the growing nativist sentiments of the period.
Racial Segregation and Violence
- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) solidified the doctrine of "separate but equal," legitimizing racial segregation and discrimination laws.
- Lynching reached epidemic levels from 1883 to 1950, with activists like Ida B. Wells working tirelessly against these injustices.
Imperialism and Foreign Policy
- The Age of Imperialism marked the last quarter of the 19th century, characterized by territorial expansion.
- The purchase of Alaska, humorously nicknamed "Seward's icebox," was a significant expansion of U.S. territory.
Spanish-American War Key Events
- The explosion of the USS Maine was blamed on Spain by sensationalist press (yellow press) and fueled the Spanish-American War.
- The Teller Amendment asserted that Cuba would be freed from U.S. control following the war.
Military Engagement and Aftermath
- The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, marked the first U.S. military engagement outside the Western Hemisphere, led to a decisive victory over Spain.
- Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders gained notoriety for their role in the San Juan Hill battle during the Spanish-American War.
Legislation and Territory Governance
- The Platt Amendment allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba, establishing a permanent military presence at Guantanamo Bay.
- The Foraker Act provided the U.S. with direct control to establish governance in Puerto Rico.
Constitutional Matters
- Insular Cases determined that the U.S. Constitution did not fully apply to territories gained through aggression.
- The Gentlemen's Agreement in 1907 limited Japanese immigration, reflecting early 20th-century racial and national sentiments.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 17 of 'Give Me Liberty!' with these flashcards. Learn about sharecropping and the Farmers' Alliance, two significant factors that shaped rural America in the late 19th century.