Chapter 17 - Give Me Liberty! Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is sharecropping?

  • A form of cooperative farming
  • A government subsidy program
  • A system that locked farmers into perpetual poverty (correct)
  • A financing method for buying land
  • What was the Farmers' Alliance?

    An organization of farmers founded in the late 19th century to improve working conditions.

    Who were the Populists?

    Evolved from the Farmers' Alliance, known as the People's Party.

    What did the Colored Farmers' Alliance advocate for?

    <p>Organized strikes and sought better treatment for black farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Tom Watson?

    <p>He worked to forge a black-white alliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?

    <p>One of the first female lawyers in Kansas who advocated for women's rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to martial law in Coeur d'Alene in 1892?

    <p>A strike occurred in the mining district.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Coxey's Army?

    <p>A protest by unemployed men led by Jacob Coxey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was James Weaver?

    <p>A presidential candidate in 1892 who was a populist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Pullman, Illinois known for?

    <p>It was a company-owned town where railroad sleeping cars were manufactured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the American Railway Union?

    <p>A union of railway workers that protested working conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome for Eugene V. Debs after the American Railway Strike?

    <p>He was jailed for violating a judicial order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court case In Re Debs (1894) confirm?

    <p>It confirmed sentences against labor union members and approved the use of injunctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the 1896 campaign led by William Jennings Bryan?

    <p>Free coinage of silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'cross of gold' speech?

    <p>A speech by William Jennings Bryan advocating for free silver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was meant by the 'money question' during the campaign?

    <p>The demand for the use of silver as currency to help farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Social Gospel?

    <p>A belief that called for support of poor people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was William McKinley?

    <p>Ohio Governor nominated for president in 1896.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a front porch campaign?

    <p>A type of campaigning where candidates speak from their home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Mark Hanna?

    <p>Campaign manager for William McKinley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Gold Standard Act do?

    <p>It mandated that all paper money must be backed by gold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Frank L. Baum?

    <p>Author of the Wizard of Oz, symbolizing the election of 1896.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Redeemers?

    <p>A coalition that dominated southern politics after 1877.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is convict labor?

    <p>A system where convicts were rented out to private businesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Lewis Hine?

    <p>A photographer who highlighted social issues like child labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the New South refer to?

    <p>An era of industrial expansion and agricultural diversification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pap Singleton promote?

    <p>The exodus of blacks to Kansas for economic opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a poll tax?

    <p>A fee required to vote, used to disenfranchise blacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a literacy test?

    <p>A test administered to determine if a voter could read.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'grandfather clause'?

    <p>A clause exempting descendants of pre-war voters from voting restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?

    <p>It upheld the doctrine of 'separate but equal'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'test case' in the context of Plessy v. Ferguson?

    <p>The case originated when Homer Plessy refused to leave a white train car.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'separate but equal' mean?

    <p>The Supreme Court's ruling that allowed legal segregation if facilities were equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lynching?

    <p>Murdering by a mob, often targeting African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Ida B. Wells?

    <p>An activist who opposed lynching and advocated for civil rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'new immigrants'?

    <p>Immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Immigration Restriction League?

    <p>A league advocating for reduced immigration through literacy tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Australian ballot?

    <p>A secret ballot system developed to protect voter privacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

    <p>A law that prohibited Chinese immigrants from entering the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Booker T. Washington?

    <p>An educator and advocate for black employment and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Tuskegee Institute aim to achieve?

    <p>To provide education and training for jobs to black students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AFL stand for?

    <p>American Federation of Labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Samuel Gompers?

    <p>The founder of the AFL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'women's era'?

    <p>The period where women's roles in society increased significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does WCTU stand for?

    <p>Women's Christian Temperance Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Frances Willard?

    <p>Leader of the WCTU who advocated for women’s rights and anti-alcohol measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?

    <p>President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National American Woman Suffrage Association?

    <p>An organization that fought for women's right to vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Age of Imperialism?

    <p>A period in the late 19th century characterized by territorial expansion by western countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was 'Seward's icebox'?

    <p>The term used for the territory of Alaska purchased from Russia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Dwight Moody?

    <p>A Methodist evangelist who sent thousands of missionaries worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was William Randolph Hearst?

    <p>Editor of the New York Journal known for yellow journalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Joseph Pulitzer?

    <p>Editor of the New York World, also known for yellow press.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is yellow press?

    <p>A sensationalist style of journalism that exaggerated news stories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the USS Maine?

    <p>A ship whose explosion was blamed on Spain, marking the start of the Spanish-American War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Teller Amendment state?

    <p>Cuba would not be controlled by the U.S. after the war with Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened at the Battle of Manila Bay?

    <p>The U.S. defeated Spain in a naval battle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Admiral George Dewey?

    <p>A U.S. naval officer who led the victorious Battle of Manila Bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Rough Riders?

    <p>A volunteer army led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was San Juan Hill known for?

    <p>It was the largest land battle of the Spanish-American War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Platt Amendment allow?

    <p>The U.S. could intervene in Cuba whenever deemed necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the annexation of Hawaii?

    <p>The incorporation of Hawaii into the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Guantanamo Bay?

    <p>A U.S. base in Cuba set up under the Platt Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Open Door Policy?

    <p>A policy promoting equal trade opportunities in China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Philippine War?

    <p>A conflict involving the U.S. in the Philippines after defeating Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Foraker Act do?

    <p>It gave the U.S. direct control over Puerto Rico.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Insular Cases?

    <p>Supreme Court decisions on the application of the U.S. Constitution in territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?

    <p>An agreement limiting Japanese immigration to the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sharecropping and Alliances

    • Sharecropping trapped tenant farmers in a cycle of poverty, requiring profit-sharing agreements.
    • The Farmers' Alliance, founded in the late 19th century, aimed to improve working conditions for farmers and expanded to 43 states by 1890, later evolving into the Populist Party.

    Populism and Leadership

    • The Populists emerged from the Farmers' Alliance, targeting rural issues and gaining support from miners and former Knights of Labor members.
    • Colored Farmers' Alliance was established by Black farmers in the South in 1891 to address discrimination within the broader Farmers' Alliance.

    Key Figures

    • Tom Watson sought to unite Black and White farmers in Georgia through the Populist agenda.
    • Mary Elizabeth Lease, an early female lawyer in Kansas, championed women's rights.

    Labor Movements and Political Protests

    • The 1892 Coeur d'Alene strike led to martial law declaring in Idaho.
    • Jacob Coxey led Coxey's Army, a protest of unemployed men demanding jobs, which was violently suppressed by federal forces.

    Election of 1892 and Key Events

    • James Weaver represented the Populists in the 1892 presidential election, garnering over 1 million votes and 22 electoral votes.
    • Pullman, Illinois served as a backdrop for labor disputes, leading to significant protests. The American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs, played a critical role in nationwide strikes against poor working conditions.
    • The In Re Debs (1894) Supreme Court case upheld sentences against labor union members and endorsed injunctions against strikes.
    • The Gold Standard Act, enacted in 1900, mandated that all paper money be backed by gold, restricting silver circulation.

    Women's Rights and Social Movements

    • The period known as the "women's era" saw enhanced roles for women regarding wage control, property rights, and suffrage.
    • The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), led by Frances Willard, became a significant force in advocating for women's rights and temperance.

    Immigration and Racial Policies

    • The Immigration Restriction League emerged in 1894, demanding literacy tests for immigrants, although this measure was vetoed by President Cleveland.
    • The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1892 prohibited Chinese immigration, reflecting the growing nativist sentiments of the period.

    Racial Segregation and Violence

    • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) solidified the doctrine of "separate but equal," legitimizing racial segregation and discrimination laws.
    • Lynching reached epidemic levels from 1883 to 1950, with activists like Ida B. Wells working tirelessly against these injustices.

    Imperialism and Foreign Policy

    • The Age of Imperialism marked the last quarter of the 19th century, characterized by territorial expansion.
    • The purchase of Alaska, humorously nicknamed "Seward's icebox," was a significant expansion of U.S. territory.

    Spanish-American War Key Events

    • The explosion of the USS Maine was blamed on Spain by sensationalist press (yellow press) and fueled the Spanish-American War.
    • The Teller Amendment asserted that Cuba would be freed from U.S. control following the war.

    Military Engagement and Aftermath

    • The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, marked the first U.S. military engagement outside the Western Hemisphere, led to a decisive victory over Spain.
    • Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders gained notoriety for their role in the San Juan Hill battle during the Spanish-American War.

    Legislation and Territory Governance

    • The Platt Amendment allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba, establishing a permanent military presence at Guantanamo Bay.
    • The Foraker Act provided the U.S. with direct control to establish governance in Puerto Rico.

    Constitutional Matters

    • Insular Cases determined that the U.S. Constitution did not fully apply to territories gained through aggression.
    • The Gentlemen's Agreement in 1907 limited Japanese immigration, reflecting early 20th-century racial and national sentiments.

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    Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 17 of 'Give Me Liberty!' with these flashcards. Learn about sharecropping and the Farmers' Alliance, two significant factors that shaped rural America in the late 19th century.

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