30 Questions
Which part of the nervous system controls skeletal muscles?
Somatic
What is the main function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Dilate eyes and bronchioles, increase heart rate, and release epinephrine and norepinephrine
From which part of the spinal cord does the sympathetic division originate?
Thoracolumbar
How many chain ganglia are there on either side of the vertebral column?
23
Which ganglia are associated with the enteric nervous system dealing with digestion and absorption?
Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric
What is the main function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Constrict eyes and bronchioles, decrease heart rate, dilate blood vessels to digestive organs
What type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?
Cholinergic synapse
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
CN III
Where do parasympathetic fibers run to?
Intramural ganglia
What type of receptors does the adrenergic system have?
Alpha and beta
What is the function of varicosities in the autonomic nervous system?
Synaptic transmission
In which system do most fibers come from nuclei of the brain and follow the cranial nerves?
Parasympathetic system
What is the role of sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?
Activate chromaffin cells
Which type of fibers are myelinated and short before the ganglia?
Sympathetic fibers
Which type of reflex must synapse in the CNS before producing an efferent response?
Long reflex
What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters and is spread through the length of the nerve in the autonomic nervous system?
Varicosity
Which type of receptors do most organs have for both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation?
Adrenergic receptors
In which system do most fibers come from nuclei of the brain and follow the cranial nerves?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the term for the phenomenon where conscious perception of autonomic pain is felt in an unexpected area?
Referred pain
Where are baroreceptors important for autonomic reflexes, especially for blood pressure regulation?
Aorta and carotid arteries
What is the main function of the medulla in the autonomic nervous system?
Regulate respiratory rate
Which part of the nervous system controls autonomic and endocrine function?
The hypothalamus
How does nicotine affect the autonomic nervous system?
Fires all preganglionic fibers in both divisions
What is the role of sympatholytic drugs in the autonomic nervous system?
Reduce the sympathetic response
What happens when a person experiences orthostatic hypotension?
Blood pressure and heart rate increase upon standing up
Which part of the limbic lobe is involved in memory and emotional response?
The amygdala
What is the effect of sympathetic stimuli on blood vessels?
Constriction, leading to an increase in blood pressure
Which chemicals are made by the body and affect the autonomic nervous system?
Endogenous chemicals (hormones)
What is the function of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus in the autonomic nervous system?
Communicate to the spinal cord from the hypothalamus
Why is parasympathetic tone more dominant in certain organs?
It exerts more control over a specific organ than the sympathetic system does normally.
Test your knowledge of the two parts of the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Understand their functions in the fight or flight response and the rest and digest system to maintain homeostasis.
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