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Questions and Answers
What are the two opposing branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that maintain the resting activity of organs?
What are the two opposing branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that maintain the resting activity of organs?
- Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system
- Enteric nervous system and autonomic nervous system
- Central nervous system and autonomic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system (correct)
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
- Dopamine
- Acetylcholine (correct)
How can changes in resting activity occur in organs according to the text?
How can changes in resting activity occur in organs according to the text?
- By decreasing the activity of either the PNS or the SNS (correct)
- By increasing the activity of both the PNS and the SNS
- By decreasing only the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
- By increasing only the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Which statement about adverse drug effects (ADRs) is accurate based on the text?
Which statement about adverse drug effects (ADRs) is accurate based on the text?
What is the primary focus of this chapter according to the text?
What is the primary focus of this chapter according to the text?
Which type of drugs target the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) by direct receptor binding or mimicking the action of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine?
Which type of drugs target the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) by direct receptor binding or mimicking the action of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse reaction in trials of methyldopa?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse reaction in trials of methyldopa?
What is the metabolic fate of approximately 50% of guanfacine's oral dose?
What is the metabolic fate of approximately 50% of guanfacine's oral dose?
In patients with renal failure, why do adverse effects of methyldopa increase?
In patients with renal failure, why do adverse effects of methyldopa increase?
Which of the following drugs has a significant first-pass effect?
Which of the following drugs has a significant first-pass effect?
What is the primary reason for cautious use of clonidine in patients with a history of bradycardia?
What is the primary reason for cautious use of clonidine in patients with a history of bradycardia?
Why should methyldopa and clonidine be used cautiously in patients with cerebrovascular disease?
Why should methyldopa and clonidine be used cautiously in patients with cerebrovascular disease?
What is the effect of stimulation of central alpha2 receptors by methyldopa's active metabolite?
What is the effect of stimulation of central alpha2 receptors by methyldopa's active metabolite?
Which of the following receptors are primarily associated with excitation or stimulation?
Which of the following receptors are primarily associated with excitation or stimulation?
Where are alpha2 receptors primarily located?
Where are alpha2 receptors primarily located?
What is the primary function of beta1 receptors?
What is the primary function of beta1 receptors?
Which of the following receptors are stimulated by both norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine?
Which of the following receptors are stimulated by both norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine?
What is the primary use of alpha1 agonists?
What is the primary use of alpha1 agonists?
Which of the following is a central effect of alpha2 agonists?
Which of the following is a central effect of alpha2 agonists?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of centrally acting alpha2 agonists used for hypertension?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of centrally acting alpha2 agonists used for hypertension?
What is a potential consequence of abruptly stopping centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
What is a potential consequence of abruptly stopping centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
Which of the following is an approved use for guanfacine?
Which of the following is an approved use for guanfacine?
How does guanfacine reduce blood pressure?
How does guanfacine reduce blood pressure?
Which alpha1 receptor subtype is the most prevalent in the prostate?
Which alpha1 receptor subtype is the most prevalent in the prostate?
Which statement regarding the metabolism of tamsulosin is accurate?
Which statement regarding the metabolism of tamsulosin is accurate?
Which of the following statements about alfuzosin metabolism is correct?
Which of the following statements about alfuzosin metabolism is correct?
What is the primary reason that selective alpha1a receptor antagonists are advantageous for treating BPH?
What is the primary reason that selective alpha1a receptor antagonists are advantageous for treating BPH?
Which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of silodosin?
Which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of silodosin?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of the alpha1 antagonist drugs?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pharmacokinetics of the alpha1 antagonist drugs?
Which of the following alpha1 antagonist drugs has the lowest bioavailability?
Which of the following alpha1 antagonist drugs has the lowest bioavailability?
Based on the information provided, what is true about the active metabolite of silodosin?
Based on the information provided, what is true about the active metabolite of silodosin?
Which alpha1 antagonist drug is known to accumulate in breast milk at a concentration 20 times that in maternal plasma?
Which alpha1 antagonist drug is known to accumulate in breast milk at a concentration 20 times that in maternal plasma?
Which of the following statements about drug interactions with alpha-blockers is accurate?
Which of the following statements about drug interactions with alpha-blockers is accurate?
What is the primary reason that the absorption of alfuzosin is reduced when taken in a fasting state?
What is the primary reason that the absorption of alfuzosin is reduced when taken in a fasting state?
Which statement about the metabolism and excretion of doxazosin is true?
Which statement about the metabolism and excretion of doxazosin is true?
What is the primary mechanism by which selective alpha1a receptor antagonists are thought to relieve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in BPH?
What is the primary mechanism by which selective alpha1a receptor antagonists are thought to relieve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in BPH?
Which alpha1 antagonist drug demonstrates the highest selectivity for the alpha1a receptor subtype?
Which alpha1 antagonist drug demonstrates the highest selectivity for the alpha1a receptor subtype?
How does taking tamsulosin in a fasting state affect its pharmacokinetics?
How does taking tamsulosin in a fasting state affect its pharmacokinetics?
Which of the following statements about clonidine is correct?
Which of the following statements about clonidine is correct?
Which drugs are well-suited for monotherapy in treating hypertension according to the text?
Which drugs are well-suited for monotherapy in treating hypertension according to the text?
Which of the following statements about methyldopa is true?
Which of the following statements about methyldopa is true?
How can methyldopa and clonidine be used effectively for treating hypertension?
How can methyldopa and clonidine be used effectively for treating hypertension?
Which of the following adverse reactions is NOT associated with centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
Which of the following adverse reactions is NOT associated with centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
What is the recommended approach for dosing methyldopa and clonidine in treating hypertension?
What is the recommended approach for dosing methyldopa and clonidine in treating hypertension?
How can the sedation side effect associated with clonidine and methyldopa be minimized?
How can the sedation side effect associated with clonidine and methyldopa be minimized?
Which drug interaction is mentioned in the text for centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
Which drug interaction is mentioned in the text for centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
Which of the following statements about the use of centrally acting alpha2 agonists in children is correct?
Which of the following statements about the use of centrally acting alpha2 agonists in children is correct?
Which drug in this class is approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD in children?
Which drug in this class is approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD in children?
For which age group is clonidine considered to work better in treating hypertension?
For which age group is clonidine considered to work better in treating hypertension?
Which of the following adverse reactions is specifically associated with guanabenz?
Which of the following adverse reactions is specifically associated with guanabenz?
What should be done if a patient needs to discontinue both a centrally acting alpha2 agonist and a beta-adrenergic blocker?
What should be done if a patient needs to discontinue both a centrally acting alpha2 agonist and a beta-adrenergic blocker?
Which drug formulation is available for patients who have difficulty taking pills or remembering frequent doses?
Which drug formulation is available for patients who have difficulty taking pills or remembering frequent doses?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended monitoring parameter for patients taking methyldopa?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended monitoring parameter for patients taking methyldopa?
What should be monitored for patients taking clonidine or methyldopa, especially those with renal impairment?
What should be monitored for patients taking clonidine or methyldopa, especially those with renal impairment?
Which drug was traditionally considered the drug of choice for pregnant women with hypertension?
Which drug was traditionally considered the drug of choice for pregnant women with hypertension?
Which of the following statements about the use of centrally acting alpha2 agonists in hypertension is correct?
Which of the following statements about the use of centrally acting alpha2 agonists in hypertension is correct?
What is the recommended approach for monitoring blood pressure when using clonidine or methyldopa?
What is the recommended approach for monitoring blood pressure when using clonidine or methyldopa?
Which of the following adverse reactions is specifically associated with clonidine?
Which of the following adverse reactions is specifically associated with clonidine?
What is the primary reason for conducting liver function studies before and during methyldopa therapy?
What is the primary reason for conducting liver function studies before and during methyldopa therapy?
How should patients take methyldopa to ensure proper dosing?
How should patients take methyldopa to ensure proper dosing?
What is a potential consequence of missing doses of methyldopa?
What is a potential consequence of missing doses of methyldopa?
What should patients be aware of regarding potential drug-herbal interactions with methyldopa?
What should patients be aware of regarding potential drug-herbal interactions with methyldopa?
How should patients apply the transdermal clonidine patch?
How should patients apply the transdermal clonidine patch?
What is the most common adverse reaction associated with methyldopa and clonidine?
What is the most common adverse reaction associated with methyldopa and clonidine?
What should patients do to minimize the risk of hypotension while taking methyldopa or clonidine?
What should patients do to minimize the risk of hypotension while taking methyldopa or clonidine?
What should patients report to their healthcare provider while taking methyldopa?
What should patients report to their healthcare provider while taking methyldopa?
What should patients be encouraged to do in addition to taking medication for hypertension management?
What should patients be encouraged to do in addition to taking medication for hypertension management?
What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenergic antagonists in the treatment of hypertension?
What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenergic antagonists in the treatment of hypertension?
What is the main reason nonselective alpha antagonists are not used in the treatment of hypertension?
What is the main reason nonselective alpha antagonists are not used in the treatment of hypertension?
Which statement about selective alpha1 antagonists is true?
Which statement about selective alpha1 antagonists is true?
What is the primary pharmacodynamic effect of reversible alpha1 antagonists?
What is the primary pharmacodynamic effect of reversible alpha1 antagonists?
Why are prazosin and terazosin less likely to cause reflex tachycardia compared to other alpha1 antagonists?
Why are prazosin and terazosin less likely to cause reflex tachycardia compared to other alpha1 antagonists?
Which drug was found to have an increased risk of heart failure (HF) in comparison to chlorthalidone according to the ALLHAT trial?
Which drug was found to have an increased risk of heart failure (HF) in comparison to chlorthalidone according to the ALLHAT trial?
What is one of the reasons tamsulosin, silodosin, and alfuzosin have not been approved for hypertension treatment?
What is one of the reasons tamsulosin, silodosin, and alfuzosin have not been approved for hypertension treatment?
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