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Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of symmetric-key cryptography over asymmetric-key cryptography for enciphering large messages?
What is the primary advantage of symmetric-key cryptography over asymmetric-key cryptography for enciphering large messages?
- It provides stronger security guarantees
- It does not require the use of a Key-Distribution Center (KDC)
- It requires a shared secret key between two parties (correct)
- It is more efficient in terms of computational speed
Why is the distribution of keys considered a problem in symmetric-key cryptography?
Why is the distribution of keys considered a problem in symmetric-key cryptography?
- It requires frequent updates to the keys
- It is difficult to ensure secure and timely delivery of keys to all parties (correct)
- It relies on a single point of failure for key management
- It becomes more vulnerable as the number of parties increases
What is the role of a Key-Distribution Center (KDC) in symmetric-key distribution?
What is the role of a Key-Distribution Center (KDC) in symmetric-key distribution?
- To authenticate members using public-key infrastructure (PKI)
- To provide a central point for distributing and managing secret keys (correct)
- To ensure secure and timely delivery of keys to all parties
- To create a secret key for each member
Why is a secret key created by a KDC used only between the member and the KDC, not between two members?
Why is a secret key created by a KDC used only between the member and the KDC, not between two members?
What distinguishes hierarchical multiple KDCs from flat multiple KDCs?
What distinguishes hierarchical multiple KDCs from flat multiple KDCs?
What is the primary responsibility of a Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) in key management?
What is the primary responsibility of a Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) in key management?
In the context of network authentication, what is the main concern with the naïve solution of having every server know every user’s password?
In the context of network authentication, what is the main concern with the naïve solution of having every server know every user’s password?
What are the main requirements for user authentication on the network, as discussed in the text?
What are the main requirements for user authentication on the network, as discussed in the text?
Why is the Trusted Third Party authentication server considered a single point of failure?
Why is the Trusted Third Party authentication server considered a single point of failure?
How does the use of a key derived from the password enhance the process of 'Single Logon' Authentication?
How does the use of a key derived from the password enhance the process of 'Single Logon' Authentication?
What is the main drawback of using plaintext passwords in the process of authentication?
What is the main drawback of using plaintext passwords in the process of authentication?
Why is the Trusted Third Party authentication server considered a convenient solution despite being a single point of failure?
Why is the Trusted Third Party authentication server considered a convenient solution despite being a single point of failure?
How does the Kerberos protocol address the inefficiency associated with the naïve solution of having every server know every user’s password?
How does the Kerberos protocol address the inefficiency associated with the naïve solution of having every server know every user’s password?
What is the primary function of a Key-Distribution Center (KDC) in symmetric-key distribution?
What is the primary function of a Key-Distribution Center (KDC) in symmetric-key distribution?
Why does symmetric-key cryptography require a shared secret key between two parties?
Why does symmetric-key cryptography require a shared secret key between two parties?
What distinguishes hierarchical multiple Key-Distribution Centers (KDCs) from flat multiple KDCs?
What distinguishes hierarchical multiple Key-Distribution Centers (KDCs) from flat multiple KDCs?
Why is a secret key created by a KDC used only between the member and the KDC, not between two members?
Why is a secret key created by a KDC used only between the member and the KDC, not between two members?
What is the main drawback of using plaintext passwords in the process of authentication?
What is the main drawback of using plaintext passwords in the process of authentication?
What is the primary advantage of symmetric-key cryptography over asymmetric-key cryptography for enciphering large messages?
What is the primary advantage of symmetric-key cryptography over asymmetric-key cryptography for enciphering large messages?
In the context of network authentication, what does the Kerberos protocol use to prove a user's identity?
In the context of network authentication, what does the Kerberos protocol use to prove a user's identity?
What is the primary disadvantage of the naïve solution where every server knows every user’s password in network authentication?
What is the primary disadvantage of the naïve solution where every server knows every user’s password in network authentication?
Why is the Trusted Third Party authentication server considered a convenient solution despite being a single point of failure?
Why is the Trusted Third Party authentication server considered a convenient solution despite being a single point of failure?
What is the main requirement for user authentication on the network, as discussed in the text?
What is the main requirement for user authentication on the network, as discussed in the text?
What type of key does the Kerberos protocol use to access desired network services?
What type of key does the Kerberos protocol use to access desired network services?
What makes plaintext passwords an insecure choice in the process of authentication?
What makes plaintext passwords an insecure choice in the process of authentication?
Why is a secret key created by a Key Distribution Center (KDC) used only between the member and the KDC, not between two members?
Why is a secret key created by a Key Distribution Center (KDC) used only between the member and the KDC, not between two members?
What is the primary advantage of using symmetric-key cryptography over asymmetric-key cryptography for enciphering large messages?
What is the primary advantage of using symmetric-key cryptography over asymmetric-key cryptography for enciphering large messages?
What distinguishes Kerberos Version 5 from its previous versions in network authentication?
What distinguishes Kerberos Version 5 from its previous versions in network authentication?
Why is using a key derived from the password beneficial for 'Single Logon' Authentication?
Why is using a key derived from the password beneficial for 'Single Logon' Authentication?
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Study Notes
Symmetric-Key Cryptography vs Asymmetric-Key Cryptography
- Symmetric-key cryptography is preferred for enciphering large messages due to its faster speed compared to asymmetric-key cryptography.
Key Distribution in Symmetric-Key Cryptography
- Key distribution is a major problem in symmetric-key cryptography, as the same secret key must be shared between two parties.
- A Key-Distribution Center (KDC) helps in symmetric-key distribution by creating a secret key shared between the member and the KDC, not between two members.
Role of Key-Distribution Center (KDC)
- A KDC creates a secret key shared between the member and the KDC, not between two members.
- The primary function of a KDC is to manage the distribution of secret keys in symmetric-key cryptography.
Multiple KDCs
- Hierarchical multiple KDCs have a tree-like structure, with each KDC serving as a backup for the one above it.
- Flat multiple KDCs have a peer-to-peer structure, with no hierarchy.
Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) in Key Management
- The primary responsibility of a PKI is to manage the distribution and authentication of public and private keys.
Network Authentication
- The main concern with the naïve solution of having every server know every user’s password is the security risk of storing many passwords.
- The main requirements for user authentication on the network are identification, authentication, and authorization.
- The Trusted Third Party authentication server is a convenient solution despite being a single point of failure.
Kerberos Protocol
- Kerberos protocol addresses the inefficiency associated with the naïve solution by using a centralized authentication server.
- The protocol uses a ticket-based system to prove a user's identity and provide secure authentication.
- Kerberos Version 5 distinguishes itself from previous versions with its improved performance and security features.
Passwords in Authentication
- The main drawback of using plaintext passwords is the risk of password exposure and unauthorized access.
- Using a key derived from the password enhances the 'Single Logon' Authentication process by providing an additional layer of security.
- Plaintext passwords are an insecure choice in the process of authentication due to the risk of password exposure.
- A key derived from the password is used in the Kerberos protocol to access desired network services.
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