Chapter 14: Arterial Puncture Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does 'abducted' mean?

Out to the site, away from the body.

What does 'ABGs' stand for?

Arterial blood gases.

What is the purpose of the Allen test?

To assess collateral circulation before arterial puncture.

What is 'arteriospasm'?

Reflex or involuntary contraction of an artery. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the brachial artery located?

In the antecubital fossa near the insertion of the biceps muscle. Signup and view all the answers

Define collateral circulation.

Area supplied with blood from more than one artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the femoral artery?

In the groin, lateral to the pubic bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'FiO2' mean?

Fraction of inspired oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'L/M' stand for in oxygen therapy?

Liters per minute. Signup and view all the answers

Where can the radial artery be found?

On the thumb side of the wrist. Signup and view all the answers

What is the steady state in ABG collection?

Stable condition with no exercise, suctioning, or respirator changes for 20 to 30 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the ulnar artery located?

On the little-finger side of the wrist. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery has the best collateral circulation?

Radial artery Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of performing arterial puncture on the radial artery?

No major nerves adjacent Signup and view all the answers

The modified Allen test checks for collateral circulation to the hand via the ______.

ulnar artery Signup and view all the answers

Arterial puncture is typically ______ painful than venipuncture.

more Signup and view all the answers

The proper angle of needle insertion for femoral artery puncture is ______ degrees.

90 Signup and view all the answers

After performing arterial puncture, the ______ is checked distal to ensure no damage.

pulse Signup and view all the answers

Injury to the intima can lead to a ______.

thrombus Signup and view all the answers

How should ABG specimens be transported?

On ice Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not affect ABG results?

Puncture site choice Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a high WBC have on ABGs?

WBCs continue to consume oxygen after collection. Signup and view all the answers

How many draws are needed to collect specimens for ABGs and lytes testing?

Just one draw. Signup and view all the answers

What type of syringe should be used for ABG collection?

A special heparinized syringe. Signup and view all the answers

What are some hazards of arterial puncture?

Arteriospasm, artery damage, discomfort, infection, hematoma, numbness, thrombus formation, vasovagal response. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common rejection criterion for arterial blood specimens?

Air bubbles in the specimen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions and Key Terms

Abducted: Movement away from the body, particularly in the context of arterial puncture.
ABGs: Arterial Blood Gases, assessments of a patient's oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base balance.
Allen Test: A procedure to evaluate collateral circulation, ensuring blood supply before arterial puncture.
Arteriospasm: Involuntary contraction of an artery, may occur during or after puncture.
Brachial Artery: Located in the antecubital fossa, near the biceps muscle, important for blood draws.
Collateral Circulation: Blood supply to an area from multiple arteries, ensures tissue perfusion even if one artery is compromised.
Femoral Artery: Found in the groin, lateral to the pubic bone; significant for arterial blood draws.
FiO2: The fraction of inspired oxygen, important in assessing oxygen therapy effectiveness.
L/M: Liters per minute, a common unit in oxygen therapy.
Radial Artery: Located on the thumb side of the wrist, often preferred for arterial punctures.
Steady State: Condition achieved after 20-30 minutes of no significant physiological changes, crucial for accurate ABG results.
Ulnar Artery: Located on the little finger side of the wrist, another site for arterial puncture.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Arterial Puncture Sites

Radial Artery:
- Easy to compress post-puncture.
- Close to skin surface, reducing puncture difficulty.
- Best collateral circulation available.
- Minimal risk for hematoma.
- No major nerves or veins adjacent.
Brachial Artery:
- Large and easily palpable but deeper, increasing difficulty.
- Higher risk for hematoma and infection.
- Lies near median nerve which could increase injury risk.
Femoral Artery:
- Useful during low cardiac output situations.
- Preferred for collecting large volumes of blood.
- Greater risk of complications like hematoma and infection.
- Close proximity to major veins poses additional risk.

False Statement Corrections

Modified Allen test evaluates collateral circulation via ulnar artery (not radial).
Arterial puncture is typically more painful than venipuncture (not less).
Pump is a more accurate descriptor than color for successful arterial puncture indication.
Correct angle for femoral artery puncture is 90 degrees (not -45 degrees).
Fasting is essential for steady state prior to ABG collection (not no food).
Specimens for electrolyte testing should be transported ASAP, not on ice.
Check pulse distal after puncturing (not respiration).
Injury to intima can lead to thrombus, not hematoma.
Complication associated with arterial puncture is aneurysm (not phlebitis).
Femoral artery is the third, not second, choice for arterial puncture.

Hazards and Sampling Errors

Complications of Arterial Puncture:
- Arteriospasm, artery damage, discomfort, infection, hematoma, numbness, thrombus formation, vasovagal response.
Sampling Errors in ABG Collection:
- Air bubbles, delays in analysis, improper mixing, incorrect syringe use, obtaining venous blood, wrong anticoagulant amount, improper heparin use.

Specimen Rejection Criteria

Common reasons for rejection include:
- Air bubbles: Minimize during attachment.
- Clotted specimens: Ensure proper mixing and use of heparin syringes.
- Hemolysis: Avoid rapid pulling of the syringe; fill slowly.
- Improper labeling: Label samples before patient departure.
- Improper temperature: Transport at room temp or ice if delayed.
- Inadequate volume: Ensure enough specimen relative to anticoagulant.
- Delayed delivery: Deliver ASAP or refrigerate.
- Wrong syringe type: Always use a heparinized syringe.

Additional Considerations

High WBC counts can skew ABG results as they consume oxygen post-collection.
For multiple tests, only one draw is needed due to panel testing compatibility.
ABG specimens should be transported at room temperature, analyzed within 5 minutes.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on key terms related to arterial puncture. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals, this quiz covers definitions and assessments crucial for understanding arterial procedures. Enhance your learning with these essential terms and their meanings.