Questions and Answers
What does 'abducted' mean?
Out to the site, away from the body.
What does 'ABGs' stand for?
Arterial blood gases.
What is the purpose of the Allen test?
To assess collateral circulation before arterial puncture.
What is 'arteriospasm'?
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Where is the brachial artery located?
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Define collateral circulation.
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What is the location of the femoral artery?
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What does 'FiO2' mean?
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What does 'L/M' stand for in oxygen therapy?
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Where can the radial artery be found?
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What is the steady state in ABG collection?
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Where is the ulnar artery located?
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Which artery has the best collateral circulation?
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What is an advantage of performing arterial puncture on the radial artery?
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The modified Allen test checks for collateral circulation to the hand via the ______.
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Arterial puncture is typically ______ painful than venipuncture.
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The proper angle of needle insertion for femoral artery puncture is ______ degrees.
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After performing arterial puncture, the ______ is checked distal to ensure no damage.
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Injury to the intima can lead to a ______.
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How should ABG specimens be transported?
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Which factor does not affect ABG results?
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What effect does a high WBC have on ABGs?
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How many draws are needed to collect specimens for ABGs and lytes testing?
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What type of syringe should be used for ABG collection?
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What are some hazards of arterial puncture?
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What is a common rejection criterion for arterial blood specimens?
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Study Notes
Definitions and Key Terms
- Abducted: Movement away from the body, particularly in the context of arterial puncture.
- ABGs: Arterial Blood Gases, assessments of a patient's oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base balance.
- Allen Test: A procedure to evaluate collateral circulation, ensuring blood supply before arterial puncture.
- Arteriospasm: Involuntary contraction of an artery, may occur during or after puncture.
- Brachial Artery: Located in the antecubital fossa, near the biceps muscle, important for blood draws.
- Collateral Circulation: Blood supply to an area from multiple arteries, ensures tissue perfusion even if one artery is compromised.
- Femoral Artery: Found in the groin, lateral to the pubic bone; significant for arterial blood draws.
- FiO2: The fraction of inspired oxygen, important in assessing oxygen therapy effectiveness.
- L/M: Liters per minute, a common unit in oxygen therapy.
- Radial Artery: Located on the thumb side of the wrist, often preferred for arterial punctures.
- Steady State: Condition achieved after 20-30 minutes of no significant physiological changes, crucial for accurate ABG results.
- Ulnar Artery: Located on the little finger side of the wrist, another site for arterial puncture.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Arterial Puncture Sites
-
Radial Artery:
- Easy to compress post-puncture.
- Close to skin surface, reducing puncture difficulty.
- Best collateral circulation available.
- Minimal risk for hematoma.
- No major nerves or veins adjacent.
-
Brachial Artery:
- Large and easily palpable but deeper, increasing difficulty.
- Higher risk for hematoma and infection.
- Lies near median nerve which could increase injury risk.
-
Femoral Artery:
- Useful during low cardiac output situations.
- Preferred for collecting large volumes of blood.
- Greater risk of complications like hematoma and infection.
- Close proximity to major veins poses additional risk.
False Statement Corrections
- Modified Allen test evaluates collateral circulation via ulnar artery (not radial).
- Arterial puncture is typically more painful than venipuncture (not less).
- Pump is a more accurate descriptor than color for successful arterial puncture indication.
- Correct angle for femoral artery puncture is 90 degrees (not -45 degrees).
- Fasting is essential for steady state prior to ABG collection (not no food).
- Specimens for electrolyte testing should be transported ASAP, not on ice.
- Check pulse distal after puncturing (not respiration).
- Injury to intima can lead to thrombus, not hematoma.
- Complication associated with arterial puncture is aneurysm (not phlebitis).
- Femoral artery is the third, not second, choice for arterial puncture.
Hazards and Sampling Errors
-
Complications of Arterial Puncture:
- Arteriospasm, artery damage, discomfort, infection, hematoma, numbness, thrombus formation, vasovagal response.
-
Sampling Errors in ABG Collection:
- Air bubbles, delays in analysis, improper mixing, incorrect syringe use, obtaining venous blood, wrong anticoagulant amount, improper heparin use.
Specimen Rejection Criteria
- Common reasons for rejection include:
- Air bubbles: Minimize during attachment.
- Clotted specimens: Ensure proper mixing and use of heparin syringes.
- Hemolysis: Avoid rapid pulling of the syringe; fill slowly.
- Improper labeling: Label samples before patient departure.
- Improper temperature: Transport at room temp or ice if delayed.
- Inadequate volume: Ensure enough specimen relative to anticoagulant.
- Delayed delivery: Deliver ASAP or refrigerate.
- Wrong syringe type: Always use a heparinized syringe.
Additional Considerations
- High WBC counts can skew ABG results as they consume oxygen post-collection.
- For multiple tests, only one draw is needed due to panel testing compatibility.
- ABG specimens should be transported at room temperature, analyzed within 5 minutes.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on key terms related to arterial puncture. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals, this quiz covers definitions and assessments crucial for understanding arterial procedures. Enhance your learning with these essential terms and their meanings.
