Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders Quiz
65 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

  • Air is forced out of the lungs. (correct)
  • Intrapleural pressure decreases.
  • Lung volume increases.
  • Intrapulmonic pressure decreases.

The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the:

  • 1, 2, 3, 4 (correct)
  • 1 only
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 3, 4
  • 2, 3

Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?

  • Quiet expiration (correct)
  • Forced inspiration
  • Quiet inspiration
  • Forced expiration

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

<p>expiratory reserve volume. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?

<p>PO2 is low. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:

<p>elevated carbon dioxide level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:

<p>PO2 is lower in the blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:

<p>as bicarbonate ion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would hypercapnia cause?

<p>Respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

<p>Respiratory alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?

<p>PaCO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

<p>The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) serum pH 7.0

<p>Decompensated respiratory acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?

<p>Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocytes journey through the circulatory system?

<p>25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

<p>bacterial infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

<p>Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Orthopnea is:

<p>difficulty breathing when lying down. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:

<p>rales. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

<p>Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

<p>severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

<p>Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

<p>Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

<p>Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

<p>Influenza virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

<p>Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

<p>Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rust-colored sputum in a patient with pneumonia usually indicates:

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae is the infecting agent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Legionnaires disease?

<p>A gram-negative bacterium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

<p>TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is primary tuberculosis identified?

<p>Caseation necrosis and formation of a tubercle in the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

<p>When host resistance is decreased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to M. tuberculosis?

<p>Infection is limited to the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following confirms the presence of active (reinfection) tuberculosis?

<p>Identification of acid-fast bacilli in a sputum sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas in the United States that show higher rates than the national rate of TB are areas that have a high incidence of:

<p>HIV and homelessness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Histoplasmosis is caused by a:

<p>fungus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an:

<p>autosomal recessive gene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:

<p>defect of the exocrine glands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

<p>mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Persistent thick mucus in the bronchioles of a child with cystic fibrosis may cause:

<p>1, 2, 3, 4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

<p>Failure to excrete meconium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?

<p>Chronic cough (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cigarette smoking predisposes to malignant neoplasms because smoking:

<p>can cause metaplasia and dysplasia in the epithelium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does hypercalcemia occur with bronchogenic carcinoma?

<p>Secretion of parathyroid or parathyroid like hormones by the tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

<p>Rapid loss of consciousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

<p>Lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

<p>A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an acute asthma attack, how does respiratory obstruction occur?

<p>2, 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cause the expanded anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema?

<p>Air trapping and hyperinflation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?

<p>Residual lung volume increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is a typical change in:

<p>emphysema. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of common chronic respiratory disorders characterized by tissue degeneration and respiratory obstruction is called:

<p>COPD. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement does NOT apply to emphysema?

<p>The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

<p>Chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurrent infection of the larger airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of chronic bronchitis?

<p>Fibrosis of the bronchial wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

<p>Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

<p>Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease?

<p>Pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on:

<p>anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is caused by frequent inhalation of irritating particles such as silica?

<p>Fibrosis and loss of compliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

<p>interference with expansion of the lungs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?

<p>Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

<p>Thrombus forming in the femoral veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

<p>Hypotension and right-sided heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax

Air is forced out of the lungs

Respiratory mucosa

Continuous upper and lower respiratory tracts including nasal cavities, sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, middle ear cavity, and auditory tube.

Quiet expiration

Breathing out without muscle effort.

Vital capacity

Maximum volume of air exhaled after maximum inhalation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pulmonary artery blood

Low oxygen (PO2) level; high carbon dioxide (PCO2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchodilation

Widening of the bronchi.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medulla chemoreceptors

Most sensitive to high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oxygen diffusion

Oxygen moves from alveoli to blood due to lower PO2 in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbon dioxide transport

Primarily transported as bicarbonate ion in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypercapnia

High CO2 in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory acidosis

Body conditions caused by buildup of CO2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory alkalosis

Body condition caused by low CO2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory alkalosis compensation

Serum bicarbonate decreases with hyperventilation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory acidosis compensation

Kidneys produce more bicarbonate ions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbaminohemoglobin

Carbon dioxide attached to hemoglobin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oxygen Release

25% of bound oxygen released to cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacterial Pneumonia Sputum

Yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hemoptysis

Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing lying down.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rales

Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Viral infection specific to children (0.5–3 years)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Sinusitis Signs

Severe facial pain and tenderness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infectious Rhinitis Signs

Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Influenza Recurrence

Viral mutations reducing immunity from prior infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epiglottitis Signs

Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Viral Pneumonia Cause

Often caused by influenza virus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lobar Pneumonia

Sudden onset fever, rales, rusty sputum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inspiration

The process of breathing in air, where the diaphragm contracts, the lungs expand, and air is drawn into the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expiration

The process of breathing out air, where the diaphragm relaxes, the lungs shrink, and air is expelled from the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is tidal volume?

The amount of air that's inhaled and exhaled during normal, quiet breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is vital capacity?

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking a full, deep breath.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Residual Lung Volume?

The amount of air that always remains in the lungs even after a maximal exhalation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2)?

The amount of oxygen present in a mixture of gases, like air.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2)?

The amount of carbon dioxide present in a mixture of gases, like air.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Bronchodilation?

The widening of the bronchi, the airways leading to the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Chemoreceptors?

Specialized cells that detect changes in chemical levels in the body, like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Respiratory Acidosis?

A condition where the body fluids become too acidic due to a buildup of carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Respiratory Alkalosis?

A condition where the body fluids become too alkaline (basic) due to a decrease in carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Hypercapnia?

An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Hemoptysis?

Coughing up blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Laryngotracheobronchitis?

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, commonly seen in young children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Acute Sinusitis?

Infection and inflammation of the sinuses, causing pain and tenderness in the face.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Infectious Rhinitis?

Common cold, caused by a virus and affecting the nose, causing runny nose, congestion, and sneezing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Epiglottitis?

Inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe, causing difficulty breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Lobar Pneumonia?

A type of pneumonia affecting a large portion of a lung lobe, causing sudden fever, chills, and rusty-colored sputum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Legionnaires' Disease?

A severe form of pneumonia caused by bacteria found in water sources, causing fever, cough, muscle aches, and respiratory distress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Tuberculosis (TB)?

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by bacteria, primarily affecting the lungs, but can spread to other organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A genetic disorder affecting the exocrine glands, leading to thick mucus buildup in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an Early Sign of Bronchogenic Carcinoma?

Chronic, persistent cough, especially in smokers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Pulmonary Edema?

Fluid buildup in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Pulmonary Embolus?

A blood clot that travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow and causing shortness of breath, chest pain, and potentially death.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Atelectasis?

Collapsed lung or part of a lung, caused by a blockage in the airway or pressure on the lung.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Pneumothorax?

Air trapped in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing lung collapse.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Flail Chest?

A condition where a section of the chest wall is unstable, detaching from the ribs, due to multiple rib fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

A severe lung injury caused by inflammation and damage to the alveoli, leading to fluid buildup and difficulty breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)?

A condition in premature infants where the lungs are underdeveloped and lack sufficient surfactant, a substance that prevents the alveoli from collapsing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders - Test Bank

  • Multiple Choice Question 1: Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals causes air to be forced out of the lungs. Intrapulmonary pressure decreases

  • Multiple Choice Question 2: Respiratory mucosa is continuous through the upper and lower respiratory tracts, nasal cavities, and sinuses, and nasopharynx/oropharynx.

  • Multiple Choice Question 3: Quiet inspiration does not require muscular contractions or energy expenditure.

  • Multiple Choice Question 4: Maximum volume of air exhaled after maximum inspiration is expiratory reserve volume.

  • Multiple Choice Question 5: Pulmonary artery blood has low PO2 and low PCO2 and is flowing into the left atrium.

  • Multiple Choice Question 6: Epinephrine causes bronchodilation.

  • Multiple Choice Question 7: Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are most sensitive to elevated levels of carbon dioxide.

  • Multiple Choice Question 8: Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood because PO2 is higher in the alveoli than in the blood.

  • Multiple Choice Question 9: Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions.

  • Multiple Choice Question 10: Hypercapnia causes respiratory acidosis and decreased respirations. Increased serum pH is not a result of hypercapnia

  • Multiple Choice Question 11: Hyperventilation in the body results in respiratory alkalosis.

  • Multiple Choice Question 12: Serum bicarbonate is decreased with respiratory alkalosis

  • Multiple Choice Question 13: Kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions is the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis

  • Multiple Choice Question 14: The patient has compensated metabolic acidosis

  • Multiple Choice Question 15: Carbon dioxide attached to hemoglobin is carbaminohemoglobin

  • Multiple Choice Question 16: Approximately 25% of bound oxygen is released from erythrocytes during their journey through the circulatory system

  • Multiple Choice Question 17: Yellowish-green, thick sputum is often indicative of bacterial infection

  • Multiple Choice Question 18: Hemoptysis refers to bloody sputum

  • Multiple Choice Question 19: Orthopnea is difficulty breathing when lying down.

  • Multiple Choice Question 20: Light bubbly/crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called rales.

  • Multiple Choice Question 21: Laryngotracheobronchitis is primarily a viral infection in infants under 12 months old.

  • Multiple Choice Question 22: Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis commonly include severe facial pain and tenderness.

  • Multiple Choice Question 23: Early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis are purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain.

  • Multiple Choice Question 24: Recurrence in influenza is due to viral mutation reducing immunity from prior infections.

  • Multiple Choice Question 25: Epiglottitis symptoms include sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva.

  • Multiple Choice Question 26: Influenza virus is the most common cause of viral pneumonia.

  • Multiple Choice Question 27: Lobar pneumonia is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, rales, and rusty sputum

  • Multiple Choice Question 28: Hypoxia results from impaired oxygen diffusion due to fluid build-up

  • Multiple Choice Question 29: Rust-colored sputum in a pt with pneumonia usually suggests Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

  • Multiple Choice Question 30: Legionnaires disease is caused by a gram-negative bacterium.

  • Multiple Choice Question 31: Tuberculosis infection is typically transmitted by acid-fast bacilli, which are resistant to disinfectants.

  • Multiple Choice Question 32: Primary tuberculosis is identified by caseation necrosis and tubercle formation in the lungs'

  • Multiple Choice Question 33: Active tuberculosis is identified when the host's resistance is decreased.

  • Multiple Choice Question 34: Tuberculosis bacilli can survive adverse conditions like drying and heat; however, they are destroyed by antibacterial drugs.

  • Multiple Choice Question 35: Confirmation of active (reinfection) tuberculosis is acid-fast bacilli identification in a sputum sample.

  • Multiple Choice Question 36: Areas with high TB incidence often have high rates of HIV, homelessness, obesity, tobacco use, elderly persons, and exposure to radon and/or alcohol.

  • Multiple Choice Question 37: Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus.

  • Multiple Choice Question 38: Cystic Fibrosis is transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene.

  • Multiple Choice Question 39: The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is related to a defect in exocrine glands.

  • Multiple Choice Question 40: Growth retardation and development delays in a child with cystic fibrosis is often related to pancreatic enzyme insufficiency and impaired nutrient absorption.

  • Multiple Choice Question 41: Bronchiolar mucus buildup in cystic fibrosis often results in air trapping, atelectasis and repeated infections, and irreversible lung tissue damage.

  • Multiple Choice Question 42: Common indicators of cystic fibrosis in newborns include failure to excrete meconium, and a salty taste on the skin

  • Multiple Choice Question 43: Early symptoms of bronchogenic carcinoma include chronic cough.

  • Multiple Choice Question 44: Cigarette smoking causes malignant changes in the lungs' epithelium due to metaplasia and dysplasia

  • Multiple Choice Question 45: Hypercalcemia with bronchogenic carcinoma is due to tumor secretion of parathyroid-like hormones.

  • Multiple Choice Question 46: Hoarse cough and rapid loss of consciousness indicate airway total obstruction by aspirated material.

  • Multiple Choice Question 47: Post-operative aspiration is often caused by lack of food, or drugs that depress the vomiting center.

  • Multiple Choice Question 48: Extrinsic asthma response is hypersensitivity to factors like allergens that lead to chemical mediator release.

  • Multiple Choice Question 49: Bronchial obstruction is often caused by edema, increased mucus secretions, and elastic fiber contraction.

  • Multiple Choice Question 50: Emphysema is associated with an expanded anteroposterior thoracic diameter (barrel chest) due to air trapping and hyperinflation

  • Multiple Choice Question 51: Progressive emphysema is characterised by vital capacity increases.

  • Multiple Choice Question 52: Destruction of alveolar walls typically happens in emphysema.

  • More questions follow...

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Ch. 13 Test Bank - Gould's Ch. 13 Test Bank (Pathophysiology) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on respiratory system disorders with this comprehensive quiz based on Chapter 13. The questions cover key concepts such as diaphragm function, respiratory mucosa, and gas exchange processes. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the complexities of the respiratory system!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser