Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

Air is forced out of the lungs. (correct)

Intrapleural pressure decreases.

Lung volume increases.

Intrapulmonic pressure decreases.

The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the:

1, 2, 3, 4 (correct)

1 only

1, 2

1, 3, 4

2, 3

Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?

Quiet expiration (correct)

Forced inspiration

Quiet inspiration

Forced expiration

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

expiratory reserve volume. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?

PO2 is low. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:

elevated carbon dioxide level. Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:

PO2 is lower in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:

as bicarbonate ion. Signup and view all the answers

What would hypercapnia cause?

Respiratory acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

Respiratory alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?

PaCO2 Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) serum pH 7.0

Decompensated respiratory acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?

Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocytes journey through the circulatory system?

25% Signup and view all the answers

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

bacterial infection. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum Signup and view all the answers

Orthopnea is:

difficulty breathing when lying down. Signup and view all the answers

Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:

rales. Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years Signup and view all the answers

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face. Signup and view all the answers

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections. Signup and view all the answers

What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Influenza virus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum Signup and view all the answers

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion. Signup and view all the answers

Rust-colored sputum in a patient with pneumonia usually indicates:

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the infecting agent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Legionnaires disease?

A gram-negative bacterium Signup and view all the answers

Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants. Signup and view all the answers

How is primary tuberculosis identified?

Caseation necrosis and formation of a tubercle in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

When host resistance is decreased Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to M. tuberculosis?

Infection is limited to the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following confirms the presence of active (reinfection) tuberculosis?

Identification of acid-fast bacilli in a sputum sample Signup and view all the answers

Areas in the United States that show higher rates than the national rate of TB are areas that have a high incidence of:

HIV and homelessness. Signup and view all the answers

Histoplasmosis is caused by a:

fungus. Signup and view all the answers

Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an:

autosomal recessive gene. Signup and view all the answers

The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:

defect of the exocrine glands. Signup and view all the answers

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Persistent thick mucus in the bronchioles of a child with cystic fibrosis may cause:

1, 2, 3, 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

Failure to excrete meconium Signup and view all the answers

What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?

Chronic cough Signup and view all the answers

Cigarette smoking predisposes to malignant neoplasms because smoking:

can cause metaplasia and dysplasia in the epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

Why does hypercalcemia occur with bronchogenic carcinoma?

Secretion of parathyroid or parathyroid like hormones by the tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

Rapid loss of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators Signup and view all the answers

During an acute asthma attack, how does respiratory obstruction occur?

2, 3 Signup and view all the answers

What cause the expanded anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema?

Air trapping and hyperinflation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?

Residual lung volume increases. Signup and view all the answers

Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is a typical change in:

emphysema. Signup and view all the answers

A group of common chronic respiratory disorders characterized by tissue degeneration and respiratory obstruction is called:

COPD. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement does NOT apply to emphysema?

The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

Chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurrent infection of the larger airways. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of chronic bronchitis?

Fibrosis of the bronchial wall Signup and view all the answers

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum Signup and view all the answers

Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease?

Pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on:

anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion. Signup and view all the answers

What is caused by frequent inhalation of irritating particles such as silica?

Fibrosis and loss of compliance Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

interference with expansion of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?

Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

Thrombus forming in the femoral veins Signup and view all the answers

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

Hypotension and right-sided heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders - Test Bank

Multiple Choice Question 1: Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals causes air to be forced out of the lungs. Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
Multiple Choice Question 2: Respiratory mucosa is continuous through the upper and lower respiratory tracts, nasal cavities, and sinuses, and nasopharynx/oropharynx.
Multiple Choice Question 3: Quiet inspiration does not require muscular contractions or energy expenditure.
Multiple Choice Question 4: Maximum volume of air exhaled after maximum inspiration is expiratory reserve volume.
Multiple Choice Question 5: Pulmonary artery blood has low PO2 and low PCO2 and is flowing into the left atrium.
Multiple Choice Question 6: Epinephrine causes bronchodilation.
Multiple Choice Question 7: Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are most sensitive to elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
Multiple Choice Question 8: Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood because PO2 is higher in the alveoli than in the blood.
Multiple Choice Question 9: Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
Multiple Choice Question 10: Hypercapnia causes respiratory acidosis and decreased respirations. Increased serum pH is not a result of hypercapnia
Multiple Choice Question 11: Hyperventilation in the body results in respiratory alkalosis.
Multiple Choice Question 12: Serum bicarbonate is decreased with respiratory alkalosis
Multiple Choice Question 13: Kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions is the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis
Multiple Choice Question 14: The patient has compensated metabolic acidosis
Multiple Choice Question 15: Carbon dioxide attached to hemoglobin is carbaminohemoglobin
Multiple Choice Question 16: Approximately 25% of bound oxygen is released from erythrocytes during their journey through the circulatory system
Multiple Choice Question 17: Yellowish-green, thick sputum is often indicative of bacterial infection
Multiple Choice Question 18: Hemoptysis refers to bloody sputum
Multiple Choice Question 19: Orthopnea is difficulty breathing when lying down.
Multiple Choice Question 20: Light bubbly/crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called rales.
Multiple Choice Question 21: Laryngotracheobronchitis is primarily a viral infection in infants under 12 months old.
Multiple Choice Question 22: Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis commonly include severe facial pain and tenderness.
Multiple Choice Question 23: Early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis are purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain.
Multiple Choice Question 24: Recurrence in influenza is due to viral mutation reducing immunity from prior infections.
Multiple Choice Question 25: Epiglottitis symptoms include sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva.
Multiple Choice Question 26: Influenza virus is the most common cause of viral pneumonia.
Multiple Choice Question 27: Lobar pneumonia is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, rales, and rusty sputum
Multiple Choice Question 28: Hypoxia results from impaired oxygen diffusion due to fluid build-up
Multiple Choice Question 29: Rust-colored sputum in a pt with pneumonia usually suggests Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
Multiple Choice Question 30: Legionnaires disease is caused by a gram-negative bacterium.
Multiple Choice Question 31: Tuberculosis infection is typically transmitted by acid-fast bacilli, which are resistant to disinfectants.
Multiple Choice Question 32: Primary tuberculosis is identified by caseation necrosis and tubercle formation in the lungs'
Multiple Choice Question 33: Active tuberculosis is identified when the host's resistance is decreased.
Multiple Choice Question 34: Tuberculosis bacilli can survive adverse conditions like drying and heat; however, they are destroyed by antibacterial drugs.
Multiple Choice Question 35: Confirmation of active (reinfection) tuberculosis is acid-fast bacilli identification in a sputum sample.
Multiple Choice Question 36: Areas with high TB incidence often have high rates of HIV, homelessness, obesity, tobacco use, elderly persons, and exposure to radon and/or alcohol.
Multiple Choice Question 37: Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus.
Multiple Choice Question 38: Cystic Fibrosis is transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene.
Multiple Choice Question 39: The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is related to a defect in exocrine glands.
Multiple Choice Question 40: Growth retardation and development delays in a child with cystic fibrosis is often related to pancreatic enzyme insufficiency and impaired nutrient absorption.
Multiple Choice Question 41: Bronchiolar mucus buildup in cystic fibrosis often results in air trapping, atelectasis and repeated infections, and irreversible lung tissue damage.
Multiple Choice Question 42: Common indicators of cystic fibrosis in newborns include failure to excrete meconium, and a salty taste on the skin
Multiple Choice Question 43: Early symptoms of bronchogenic carcinoma include chronic cough.
Multiple Choice Question 44: Cigarette smoking causes malignant changes in the lungs' epithelium due to metaplasia and dysplasia
Multiple Choice Question 45: Hypercalcemia with bronchogenic carcinoma is due to tumor secretion of parathyroid-like hormones.
Multiple Choice Question 46: Hoarse cough and rapid loss of consciousness indicate airway total obstruction by aspirated material.
Multiple Choice Question 47: Post-operative aspiration is often caused by lack of food, or drugs that depress the vomiting center.
Multiple Choice Question 48: Extrinsic asthma response is hypersensitivity to factors like allergens that lead to chemical mediator release.
Multiple Choice Question 49: Bronchial obstruction is often caused by edema, increased mucus secretions, and elastic fiber contraction.
Multiple Choice Question 50: Emphysema is associated with an expanded anteroposterior thoracic diameter (barrel chest) due to air trapping and hyperinflation
Multiple Choice Question 51: Progressive emphysema is characterised by vital capacity increases.
Multiple Choice Question 52: Destruction of alveolar walls typically happens in emphysema.
More questions follow...

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on respiratory system disorders with this comprehensive quiz based on Chapter 13. The questions cover key concepts such as diaphragm function, respiratory mucosa, and gas exchange processes. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the complexities of the respiratory system!