Chapter 1: Elements of Plumbing

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Questions and Answers

What is plumbing?

The art of installing electrical systems in buildings

The method of designing architectural layouts

The process of constructing building foundations

The technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings (correct)

What does the plumbing system include?

Only potable water supply and distribution pipes

Only fuel gas piping and water heaters

All sanitary and storm drainage systems, vent pipes, and roof drains

All potable water supply and distribution pipes, plumbing fixtures, traps, and drainage systems (correct)

What is the primary function of the water supply and water distribution system?

To carry water from the water source to the building and various points within (correct)

To vent gases from the plumbing fixtures

To treat rainwater for reuse

To convey wastewater away from the building

What are plumbing fixtures?

Receptacles that receive water and allow occupants to use it Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the drainage system?

To convey wastewater away from the building to a point of disposal or treatment facility Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the plumbing system according to Section 217.12 of the NPC 1999?

All potable water supply and distribution pipes, plumbing fixtures, traps, and drainage systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of the plumbing system?

To bring in the supply of liquids, substances, and ingredients and remove them Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplified explanation of a plumbing system?

A system consisting of a supply pipe leading to a fixture and a drainpipe taking the used water away Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of sedimentation in water treatment?

To remove suspended solids Signup and view all the answers

What type of matter is removed during filtration?

Suspended silt, clay, colloids, and microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding alum/tawas to water during treatment?

To coagulate organic particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the water treatment process before distribution?

Chlorination Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a settling basin in water treatment?

To allow coagulated particles to settle Signup and view all the answers

What is a plumbing fixture?

A receptacle attached to a plumbing system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aerating water at the treatment plant?

To release trapped gases and absorb oxygen for better taste Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water after chlorination in the treatment process?

It is put into a storage tank for distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a water closet?

To receive human excremental and discharge it through a waste pipe using water as a conveying medium Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a Siphon Washdown water closet?

It is the least expensive but the noisiest Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of a Siphon Jet water closet?

The jet being submerged introduces its water underwater Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a Siphon Vortex water closet?

It is considered to be the most quiet, most efficient and most sanitary Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of a Reverse Trap water closet?

The trap way located at the rear of the water closet Signup and view all the answers

What is a One-Piece water closet?

The water closet fixture is manufactured with the bowl and the flush tank molded into a single unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of Siphon Washdown and Reverse Trap water closets?

They are both lower in price Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of water closet according to design?

Kitchen sink Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task of the Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD)?

To deliver adequate, safe, potable and affordable water to its customers Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the total population of Metro Cebu served by MCWD as of 2000?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment process used by MCWD for its ground water sources?

Chlorination using chlorine gas and other chlorine salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of direct feed pumping stations in the distribution network?

To augment the water supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily supply of water from the Buhisan Dam to the Tisa filter plant?

4,000 cubic meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of water for the Tisa filter plant?

Surface water from the Buhisan Dam Signup and view all the answers

Where is the water stored after treatment from the ground water sources?

In a reservoir Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chlorination in the ground water treatment process?

To kill bacteria and other organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing a water seal trap for each plumbing fixture?

To prevent odor-laden and germ-laden gases from rising out of the drainage system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vent pipes in plumbing fixtures?

To protect the drainage system against siphonage and back pressure Signup and view all the answers

Where should a cleanout be provided for inspection or cleaning of the pipe run?

At the upper end of every horizontal waste or soil pipe Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum grade required for horizontal piping?

2% or 2 cm per meter Signup and view all the answers

How often should horizontal piping be supported and anchored?

At intervals not to exceed 3 meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a house/building drain?

Part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system that receives discharges from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside a building Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a house/building sewer?

The piping that extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer Signup and view all the answers

At what location should a cleanout be provided within a property line?

Within 1.5 m (5’) inside the property line Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Elements of Plumbing

Plumbing is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, substances, and/or ingredients and removing them.
The plumbing system includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, fixtures, and traps; sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders, and downspouts; and building drains and sewers.

Plumbing System

A plumbing system consists of a supply pipe leading to a fixture and a drainpipe taking the used water away from the fixture.
The system has three main components:
- Water supply and water distribution system
- Plumbing fixtures
- Drainage system

Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD)

MCWD is the sole commercial provider of water in Metro Cebu, serving 40% of the total population as of 2000.
MCWD has two sources of water supply:
- Groundwater
- Surface water

Ground Water Treatment Process Used by MCWD

Groundwater sources are naturally purified by a compact thick filter media layer of ungraded sands, soils, and rocks at considerable depth.
The only treatment process employed is disinfection using Chlorine Gas and other Chlorine Salts to kill coliform organisms and other forms of bacteria.

Surface Water Basic Treatment Process Employed by MCWD

Surface water is stored in a dam and then goes through a series of treatment processes:
- Sedimentation: suspended solids are removed from the water by gravity settling and deposition.
- Filtration: passage of fluid through a porous medium to remove suspended matter, including suspended silt, clay, colloids, and microorganisms.
- Disinfection/Chlorination: introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to the water to attain a desired degree of disinfection.

Surface Water Supply and Treatment System

Water is taken from the water shed reservoir and piped to the treatment plant.
At the plant, water is aerated, Alum/tawas (aluminum sulfate) is added to coagulate organic particles, and then the water is put into a settling basin for several hours to allow coagulated particles to settle.
The water is then filtered through sand filters, disinfected with Chlorine, and stored in a reservoir for distribution to concessionaires.

Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures are receptacles attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or waste may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Common types of plumbing fixtures used in residences include:
- Water closet
- Lavatory
- Kitchen sink
- Bidet
- Bath tub

Water Closet

A plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and to discharge it through a waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium.
Water closets are classified according to design, make, flushing mechanism, shape, and installation.

Types of Water Closet

According to design:
- Siphon washdown
- Siphon jet
- Siphon vortex
- Reverse trap
According to make:
- One-piece
- Close coupled
- Pail flush
- Squat bowl

Installation Requirements for Plumbing Fixtures

Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be separately trapped by an approved type water seal trap.
Each plumbing fixture trap shall be provided with vent pipes.
A cleanout, easily accessible, shall be provided for inspection or cleaning of the pipe run.
Location of the cleanout shall be:
- At the upper end of every horizontal waste or soil pipe.
- At every change of horizontal direction of not more than 22.5 degrees.
- Within 1.5 m (5’) inside the property line before the house sewer connection.
- At every 15m (50’) to a horizontal run of a soil or waste pipe.
All horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of not less than 2% or 2 cm per meter toward the point of disposal.
All horizontal piping shall be supported and anchored at intervals not to exceed 3 meters.
Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in alignment.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental principles of plumbing, including the installation of pipes, fixtures, and apparatuses in buildings for water supply and waste removal.