Chapter 1: Building Blocks of Relationships

Questions and Answers

Identify a difference between intimate partners and individuals in casual relationships.

Individuals in casual relationships have more meaningful impact on each other than intimate partners do.

Intimate partners are less concerned about each other's well-being than individuals in casual relationships are.

Individuals in casual relationships have more influence on each other than intimate partners do.

Intimate partners share more personal information with each other than individuals in casual relationships do. (correct)

Rank the Big Five personality traits in the order of their importance, beginning with the least important to the most influential trait.

Openness to experience, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

According to Ickes, traditional gender roles could _____

cause incompatibility in relationships.

Match the levels of sex ratio with their characteristics.

High sex ratio = There are more men than women Low sex ratio = There are more women than men Signup and view all the answers

Identify an accurate statement about the experiment conducted by Ickes and Barnes.

The experiment did not involve couples in which both partners were androgynous. Signup and view all the answers

According to Stake and Eisele, people who are low in instrumentality tend to have _____

low self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

Match the Big Five personality traits with their descriptions.

Openness to experience = The degree to which people are imaginative, curious, unconventional, and artistic versus conforming, uncreative, and stodgy. Extraversion = The extent to which people are outgoing, gregarious, assertive, and sociable versus cautious, reclusive, and shy. Conscientiousness = The extent to which people are industrious, dependable, responsible, and orderly versus unreliable, disorganized, and careless. Agreeableness = The degree to which people are compassionate, cooperative, good-natured, and trusting versus suspicious, selfish, and hostile. Neuroticism = The degree to which people are prone to fluctuating moods and high levels of negative emotion such as worry, anxiety, and anger. Signup and view all the answers

People who _____ hold favorable judgments of their skills and traits and are generally healthier and happier than others.

have high self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

Dissatisfying relationships tend to make a person _ and _.

neurotic; anxious Signup and view all the answers

Identify the attachment styles proposed by Kim Bartholomew that correspond to the avoidant style proposed by developmental researchers.

Dismissing style of attachment Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of people with their characteristics based on their anxiety about abandonment.

Secure people = Gladly seek intimate interdependency with others Preoccupied people = Want closeness but anxiously fear rejection Dismissing people = Do not worry about rejection but do not like closeness Fearful people = Are uncomfortable with intimacy and worry that the intimacy will not last Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of the people with their level of avoidance of intimacy

People who are comfortable and relaxed in close relationships = Low in avoidance People who distrust others and keep their emotional distance = High in avoidance Signup and view all the answers

Match the genders with their expected traits based on gender roles.

Men = Expected to be assertive, self-reliant, decisive, and competitive Women = Expected to be warm, sensitive, emotionally expressive, and kind Signup and view all the answers

According to studies by developmental researchers, match the types of attachment styles displayed by children with their characteristics.

Secure attachment = Children readily developed relationships characterized by relaxed trust Anxious-ambivalent attachment = Children were needy in their relationships with others Avoidant attachment = Children did not easily form trusting, close relationships Signup and view all the answers

According to theorists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, a human need to belong is presumed to _____

necessitate regular social contact with those to whom one feels connected Signup and view all the answers

According to Robles et al., a person's _____ is affected by the quality of that person's connection to others.

mental health Signup and view all the answers

For early humans, who lived in small tribal groups, the tendency to form stable, affectionate connections to others made it more likely that _____

one's children would survive and thrive Signup and view all the answers

According to Baxter, a feature of people when they are close to others is that they _____

may dread the loss of autonomy and personal control that comes with interdependency Signup and view all the answers

Whether people's fears about intimacy are overstated or merely realistic, they are unlikely to experience frustrating costs in their relationships on occasion.

False Signup and view all the answers

In the context of parental investment, women choose sexual partners more carefully than men because they _____

invest more time and energy than men in each child they produce Signup and view all the answers

Match the genders with their short-term mate selection strategies.

Men = Attracted to partners who are sexually available and easy Women = Attracted to partners who are sexy, charismatic, and dominant Signup and view all the answers

According to Wood and Eagly, critics of an evolutionary perspective of human nature _____

Emphasize the role of culture in shaping male and female behavior Signup and view all the answers

According to the critics of an evolutionary perspective of human nature, women's greater interest in a mate's money might be reduced if _____

women routinely filled similar gender roles like men Signup and view all the answers

People who possess both sets of competencies that are stereotypically associated with being male and with being female are said to be _____

androgynous Signup and view all the answers

According to evolutionary psychology, motives such as the need to belong have presumably come to characterize human beings because they _____

were adaptive, conferring some sort of reproductive advantage to those who possessed them Signup and view all the answers

In an intimate relationship, trust emerges from the dynamic give-and-take that partners share.

True Signup and view all the answers

Identify an accurate statement about trust in intimate relationships.

Trust is a fluid process rather than a static thing Signup and view all the answers

Amanda wants to move in with her boyfriend, Ronald. However, Ronald is reluctant to do so because he believes that they need to get married before living together. In this scenario, _____ have influenced the relationship.

cultural norms Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the influence of socioeconomic development on intimate relationships, education and financial resources _____

allow people to be more independent Signup and view all the answers

Cultures that promote a more collective sense of self have higher divorce rates.

False Signup and view all the answers

According to the Big Five personality traits, people are happier when their partners are _____

industrious and organized Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are true about intimate partners compared to individuals in casual relationships?

Intimate partners are more likely to think of themselves as 'me' and 'him' or 'her.' Signup and view all the answers

Humans display a _____, a need for frequent, pleasant interactions with intimate partners in lasting, caring relationships if they are to function normally.

need to belong Signup and view all the answers

According to Hefner and Wilson, cultural standards provide a foundation for intimate relationships because they _____

shape people's expectations from relationships Signup and view all the answers

How do traditional gender roles do women a disservice?

By depriving them of skills that would facilitate more accomplishments and achievements Signup and view all the answers

Warm, rewarding partnerships make a person _____ over time.

more agreeable Signup and view all the answers

Identify an accurate statement about people who are said to be androgynous.

They usually possess both instrumental traits and expressive traits. Signup and view all the answers

Unlike prior generations, people have now begun to expect more personal gratification in their intimate relationships due to their _____ tendencies and character.

individualistic Signup and view all the answers

Identify an accurate statement about psychiatric problems.

Psychiatric problems tend to afflict people with inadequate ties to others. Signup and view all the answers

_____ is an impact of socioeconomic development in the form of industrialization on intimate relationships.

Increasing acceptance of a later age of marriage Signup and view all the answers

According to a leading theory, self-esteem is a _____, a subjective gauge that measures the quality of a person's relationships with others.

sociometer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Building Blocks of Relationships

Intimate vs. Casual Relationships: Individuals in casual relationships influence each other less and share personal information less compared to intimate partners, who invest more in their emotional well-being.
Big Five Personality Traits (Importance Ranking):
- Openness to experience
- Extraversion
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism (ranked least to most important)
Gender Roles and Relationships: Traditional gender roles can create sexual compatibility but may also cause incompatibilities.
Sex Ratio Levels:
- High sex ratio: More men than women
- Low sex ratio: More women than men
Ickes and Barnes Experiment Findings: Traditional couples exhibited less laughter and stronger attraction compared to other couples in the study.
Low Instrumentality: Individuals low in instrumentality tend to have low self-esteem and strong personalities, lacking better task-oriented skills.
Big Five Personality Traits Descriptions:
- Openness to experience: Imaginative and curious versus conventional and uncreative
- Extraversion: Outgoing and sociable versus shy and reclusive
- Conscientiousness: Dependable and orderly versus disorganized and careless
- Agreeableness: Cooperative and trusting versus suspicious and hostile
- Neuroticism: Prone to negative emotions versus stable emotional state
High Self-Esteem: Associated with favorable self-judgment and overall better health and happiness.
Dissatisfying Relationships: Often lead to increased neuroticism and anxiety in individuals.
Attachment Styles by Kim Bartholomew:
- Avoidant style: Dismissing and fearful attachment.
Anxiety about Abandonment:
- Secure: Seek intimacy without fear
- Preoccupied: Desire closeness but fear rejection
- Dismissing: Unconcerned with rejection and intimacy
- Fearful: Worry about intimacy and permanence
Gender Traits Based on Roles:
- Men: Assertive, self-reliant, competitive
- Women: Warm, sensitive, emotionally expressive
Childhood Attachment Styles:
- Secure: Trusting relationships
- Anxious-Ambivalent: Neediness in relationships
- Avoidant: Difficulty in forming close relationships
Need to Belong: Essential for emotional and psychological health, necessitating connections with others.
Influence of Connection Quality: Affects mental health and career choice.
Tribal Human Connection: Stable relationships significantly contributed to child survival in early humans.
Intimacy Fears: Whether magnified or realistic, intimacy fears often lead to relationship challenges.
Parental Investment: Women tend to choose sexual partners carefully due to higher investment in offspring compared to men.
Short-Term Mate Selection:
- Men: Preference for sexually available partners
- Women: Attracted to those who are charismatic and dominant
Cultural Standards: Influence expectations and attitudes toward intimate relationships.
Traditional Gender Roles Impact: Can limit women's earning potential and hinder their full potential.
Androgyny: Individuals who embody traits from both genders often have both instrumental and expressive skills.
Modern Relationship Expectations: Increased individualism leads to higher personal gratification demands in relationships.
Psychiatric Issues: Often correlate with inadequate social connections; individuals with high intimacy tend to have fewer psychiatric problems.
Socioeconomic Development Effects: Industrialization leads to evolving views on marriage age and acceptable gender roles.
Self-Esteem Theory: Viewed as a sociometer reflecting the quality of one’s interpersonal relationships.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the differences between intimate partners and individuals in casual relationships. It explores aspects such as influence, meaning, and personal information shared between partners. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts in relationship dynamics.