Change Theory by Kurt Lewin

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Questions and Answers

Who is the proponent of the change theory described in the text?

Abraham Maslow

Jean Piaget

Ivan Pavlov

Kurt Lewin (correct)

What are the three major stages of Lewin's change theory model?

Unfreezing, Change, Refreeze (correct)

Awareness, Desire, Action

Preparation, Action, Reinforcement

Stimulus, Response, Reinforcement

What are the three methods that can lead to the achievement of unfreezing in Lewin's model?

Decrease driving forces, increase restraining forces, find a combination

Increase driving forces, increase restraining forces, find a combination

Decrease driving forces, decrease restraining forces, find a combination

Increase driving forces, decrease restraining forces, find a combination (correct)

What does Lewin define as 'a dynamic balance of forces working in opposing directions'?

Behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'change' stage in Lewin's model?

To move to a new level or state Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'refreeze' stage in Lewin's model?

To maintain the new equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Who is the proponent of the General Systems Theory?

Ludwig von Bertalanffy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the assumptions of the General Systems Theory?

A system is more than the sum of its parts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an input in the General Systems Theory?

Information or raw materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the General Systems Theory?

To provide a framework for understanding complex systems Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of boundaries in the General Systems Theory?

Boundaries are implicit and human systems are open and dynamic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the General Systems Theory?

Analyzing the relationships and interactions between the parts of a system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Refreezing stage in the change process?

To establish the change as the new habit Signup and view all the answers

What are reactions to change grounded in?

Basic human needs for self-esteem, safety, and security Signup and view all the answers

Who is the proponent of Cybernetic Theory mentioned in the text?

Norbert Wiener Signup and view all the answers

What are the SIX COMPONENTS OF CHANGE THEORY mentioned in the text used for?

Identification of methods by which change can occur Signup and view all the answers

What does the Refreezing stage do to old habits?

Reinforces old habits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Cybernetics mentioned in the text?

Exploring regulatory systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Change Theory

Involves a process of change in thoughts, feelings, behavior, or all three, that is in some way more liberating or more productive.
Refreezing stage establishes the change as the new habit, so it becomes the "standard operating procedure."

Major Assumptions of Change Theory

People grow and change throughout their lives.
Change happens daily.
Reactions to change are grounded in the basic human needs for self-esteem, safety, and security.
Change involves modification or alteration; it may be planned or unplanned.

Six Components of Change Theory

Recognition of the area where change is needed.
Analysis of a situation to determine what forces exist to maintain the situation and what forces are working to change it.
Identification of methods by which change can occur.
Recognition of the influence of group mores or customs on change.
Identification of the methods that the reference group uses to bring about change.

Cybernetic Theory

Proponent: Norbert Wiener.
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach to exploring regulatory systems, their structures, constraints, and possibilities.

Kurt Lewin's Change Theory

Proponent: Kurt Lewin.
Theorized a three-stage model of change known as unfreezing - change - refreeze model that requires prior learning to be rejected and replaced.
Definition of behavior in this model is "a dynamic balance of forces working in opposing directions."

Three Major Concepts of Lewin's Change Theory

Driving forces: those that push in a direction that causes change to occur.
Restraining forces: those forces that counter the driving forces, hindering change.
Equilibrium: a state of being where driving forces equal restraining forces, and no change occurs.

Three Major Stages of Lewin's Change Theory

Unfreezing: the process of making it possible for people to let go of an old pattern that was somehow counterproductive.
Change stage (also called "moving to a new level" or "movement").
Refreezing stage: establishes the change as the new habit, so it becomes the "standard operating procedure."

General Systems Theory

Proponent: Ludwig Von Bertalanffy.
Felt the need for a theory to guide research in several disciplines because of the striking parallels between them.
Nurses can more effectively care for patients, families, and communities when they are able to understand how systems work.

Assumptions of General Systems Theory

All systems must be goal-directed.
A system is more than the sum of its parts.
A system is ever-changing, and any change in one part affects the whole.
Boundaries are implicit, and human systems are open and dynamic.

Concepts and Definitions of General Systems Theory

Input: the energy & raw material transformed by the system (e.g., information, money, energy, time, individual effort, and raw materials of some kind).

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Description

Explore Kurt Lewin's three-stage model of change known as the unfreezing - change - refreeze model. Learn about the major concepts of driving forces, restraining forces, and equilibrium within this theory.