Questions and Answers
ADAPTATION is defined as an ongoing process of ______ whereby individuals retain their integrity.
change
The assumptions are that individuals continuously defend their ______.
wholeness
WHOLENESS exists when the interactions permit the assurance of ______.
integrity
Caring and self-care are examples of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The environment includes factors that affect individuals both internally and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Nursing is central to all nursing theories and describes how nurses ______ with clients.
Signup and view all the answers
Individuals, families, and communities are referred to as ______ in nursing.
Signup and view all the answers
The conservation model emphasizes the use of ______ principles to promote wholeness.
Signup and view all the answers
Problems such as ______ and anxiety are considered internal factors affecting health.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Driving and Restraining Forces
- Driving forces push for change, leading to transformation in behavior or systems.
- Restraining forces counteract driving forces, impeding change.
- Equilibrium occurs when driving and restraining forces are balanced, resulting in no change.
Stages of Change Theory
-
Unfreezing:
- Involves letting go of unproductive patterns.
- Can be achieved by increasing driving forces, decreasing restraining forces, or a combination of both.
-
Change Stage:
- Movement towards a more productive level in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
-
Refreezing:
- Establishing new habits so that they become the standard operating procedure.
Major Assumptions of Change
- Individuals experience growth and change throughout life.
- Change is a frequent occurrence in daily life.
- Reactions to change are influenced by fundamental human needs.
- Change typically involves modification or alteration of existing patterns.
Growth and Development
- Developmental theories highlight the addition of new skills (growth) and refinement of existing skills (development) across the lifespan.
Gross Motor Development (Cephalocaudal)
- Key milestones include:
- 1 month: Head lag observed.
- 3 months: Lifting head and chest.
- 5 months: Rolling over (fall risk).
- 9 months: Sitting without support and crawling.
- 12 months: Standing with support and cruising.
- 15 months: Walking without support and beginning to jump by 17 months.
- 3 years: Running and riding a tricycle.
Fine Motor Development
- Key milestones include:
- 1-3 months: Grasp reflex.
- 5 months: Grasping and holding objects.
- 9 months: Near pincer grasp; risk for choking on small objects.
- 12 months: Throwing balls.
- 2 to 6 years: Progressing from drawing lines to complex shapes.
Language Development
- Key milestones include:
- 1-2 months: Crying and vocalizations.
- 3 months: Cooing.
- 7 months: Loud crying.
- 9 months: Basic vocabulary (mama, papa).
- 12 months: Additional words based on maternal influence.
Change Theory (Kurt Lewin)
-
Major Concepts:
- Adaptation involves responding to environmental changes while maintaining integrity.
- Wholeness encompasses the idea of defending one's life system and integrity.
Definitions and Phenomena
- Definitions within a theoretical context provide clarity on concepts.
- Notable phenomena in nursing include caring, self-care, and client responses to stress.
Major Concepts in Nursing
- Person: Recipients of nursing care including individuals and communities.
- Environment: Influential internal (mental health) and external (living conditions) factors.
- Health: Defined as a complete state of well-being, beyond mere absence of disease.
- Nursing: Central to nursing theories, encompassing actions and interactions of nurses with clients.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the key concepts of the Change Theory, including driving forces, restraining forces, and the equilibrium state. We'll also discuss the unfreezing stage and methods to facilitate change. Test your understanding of these vital principles in the process of change management.
