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Questions and Answers

What typically initiates a normal change within an organization?

A scheduled maintenance window

Creation of a change request (correct)

An automated alert from the service desk

A decision from the board of management

Which of the following statements about normal changes is true?

They can only be created manually without automation.

They may vary in authority required for assessment and authorization. (correct)

They are low-risk and always need board approval.

They are implemented without any assessment process.

What distinguishes emergency changes from normal changes?

Emergency changes involve routine assessments.

Emergency changes are scheduled in advance.

Emergency changes require more comprehensive documentation.

Emergency changes must be implemented as soon as possible. (correct)

What is the primary function of change models in the change enablement process?

To determine assessment and authorization roles based on change type Signup and view all the answers

Which type of release typically introduces completely new functionality?

Major release Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how minor releases are typically categorized?

v1.1, v1.2, v1.3 Signup and view all the answers

What role does automation play in the change enablement process?

It can speed up the process of change for normal changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which deployment approach involves deploying new components to all targets at the same time?

Big bang deployment Signup and view all the answers

What is typically true about the authority involved in major normal changes?

It may involve multiple stakeholders at various levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emergency changes?

They follow a standard change schedule. Signup and view all the answers

What is an emergency release primarily concerned with?

Providing a temporary fix for urgent issues Signup and view all the answers

In deployment management, provisioning typically refers to which component?

Infrastructure deployment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor for all normal changes?

They must be documented using a change request. Signup and view all the answers

What does a phased deployment involve?

Selective deployment to part of the environment Signup and view all the answers

How are major releases typically labeled in versioning?

v1.0, v2.0 Signup and view all the answers

What indicates when to use an emergency release?

Urgent issues require immediate attention Signup and view all the answers

Which roles require an understanding of IT infrastructure?

All roles mentioned Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of project managers in relation to IT infrastructure?

Directing infrastructure changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between infrastructure software and business application software?

Infrastructure software supports IT processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered infrastructure software?

Server operating systems Signup and view all the answers

Which skillset is essential for technicians managing IT infrastructure?

Deploying and setting up infrastructure components Signup and view all the answers

What should higher-level staff understand regarding IT infrastructure?

Architectural, budgeting, specifications, and strategic purposes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about IT infrastructure?

It only includes hardware and networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of business application software?

Support business processes Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

It allows businesses to purchase resources on-demand. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is typically managed by IaaS providers?

Networking Signup and view all the answers

What responsibilities do IaaS clients retain?

Managing applications and data. Signup and view all the answers

How are IaaS services typically accessed by clients?

Via a dashboard or API. Signup and view all the answers

What technology underpins Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

Virtualization technology. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IaaS?

Outsourced management of applications. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does IaaS provide compared to traditional data centers?

Reduced need for physical space and hardware maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary delivery model for IaaS?

Virtual data center in the cloud. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary benefits of using PaaS for application development?

It allows developers to customize applications easily. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines PaaS as a cloud service?

It builds on virtualization technology. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is PaaS particularly beneficial?

When multiple developers need to collaborate on a project. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of using PaaS in app development?

Significant reduction in the amount of coding needed. Signup and view all the answers

How does PaaS facilitate the integration of services?

It integrates web services and databases effectively. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a company choose to adopt PaaS for their development needs?

To create easily customizable applications. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does PaaS provide concerning application accessibility?

Accessibility to numerous users via the same development application. Signup and view all the answers

How does PaaS help in reducing costs for app development?

Through automation of business policy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Change enablement

Normal changes are scheduled, assessed and authorized following a standard process.
Change models determine the roles for assessment and authorization depending on the type of change.
Some normal changes are low-risk and can be authorized quickly using automation.
Major changes can be authorized by higher management, such as the board of management.
Normal changes are initiated by creating a change request, which can be automated in organizations with a CI/CD pipeline.

Emergency changes

Emergency changes are implemented as soon as possible to resolve incidents, such as implementing a security patch.
They are not scheduled and have an expedited assessment and authorization process.
Deployment management works closely with release management and change enablement.

Deployment management

Deployment management is a separate practice from release management and change enablement.
Deployment is used to describe the deployment of both infrastructure and software.
Categories of releases include major releases, minor releases, and emergency releases.

Major Releases

Introduce new hardware or software.
Introduce completely new functionality.
Example: v1.0 and v2.0 releases.

Minor Releases

Make improvements to existing functionality.
Package together a number of fixes.
Example: v1.1, v1.2, v1.3.

Emergency Releases

Implemented to address urgent issues.
Often temporary fixes.
Example: v1.1.1, v1.1.2, v1.1.3.

Deployment approaches

Organizations use a combination of deployment approaches.
Big bang deployment: Deploying new or changed components to all targets at the same time.
Phased deployment: Deploying new or changed components to parts of the production environment, gradually rolling out to the entire environment.

Infrastructure & platform management

People, processes, and documentation are not traditionally considered part of IT infrastructure, even though they play significant roles in managing it.
IT Infrastructure Managers require specific skills in deploying, setting up, directing changes, and understanding the architecture, budgeting, specifications, and strategic purpose of infrastructure.

Infrastructure software vs business application software

Infrastructure software enables IT processes.
Business application software enables business processes.

Infrastructure software examples

Server operating systems such as Windows, Linux, AIX, IBM i, HP-UX.
Middleware applications.

Business application software examples

ERP systems.
Visual Basic programming applications.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS offers advantages for businesses of all sizes.
Advantages:
- Simple and cost-effective development and deployment of apps.
- Scalability.
- High Availability.
- Customization without maintaining the software.
- Reduced coding requirements.
- Automation of business policies.
- Easy migration to the hybrid model.

PaaS characteristics

Builds on virtualization technology for scalability.
Provides services for development, testing, and deployment of apps.
Accessible to multiple users via the same development application.
Integrates web services and databases.

When to use PaaS

PaaS is helpful for multiple developers working on the same project.
PaaS provides speed and flexibility for projects involving vendors.
PaaS is beneficial for creating custom applications.
PaaS reduces costs and simplifies challenges in rapid development and deployment.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS provides highly scalable and automated compute resources.
Advantages:
- On-demand purchasing of resources, avoiding hardware purchases.
- Complete control over infrastructure through a dashboard or API.
- Outsourcing of physical maintenance and management.
- Access to servers and storage directly through a virtual data center in the cloud.

IaaS delivery

IaaS delivers cloud computing infrastructure through virtualization technology, including servers, network, operating systems, and storage.
Clients manage applications, runtime, OSes, middleware, and data.
Providers manage servers, hard drives, networking, virtualization, and storage.
IaaS providers may offer additional services beyond virtualization, such as databases or message queuing.

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of change enablement, emergency changes, and deployment management. Understand normal change processes, risk assessment, and the roles involved in managing changes and deployments in IT environments. Test your knowledge on how these processes ensure effective incident resolution and continuous integration.

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