Chain Survey Method

Study Notes

Steel Tapes: available in various lengths (15m, 30m, 50m, and 100m), provide more accuracy.
Invar Tapes: used for very precise measurements, typically for high-accuracy requirements.
Fiberglass Tapes: lightweight and flexible, suitable for general use.
Arrows (Chain Pins): used to mark the end of a chain during measurement, typically made of steel, about 400 mm long with a pointed end.
Ranging Rods: used to mark the positions of survey stations, typically 2 to 3 meters long and painted with alternating bands of red and white for visibility.
Pegs: wooden stakes used to mark important survey points or station points, driven into the ground.
Plumb Bobs: used to ensure vertical alignment of ranging rods or to project points on the ground.
Cross Staff: used for setting out right angles and to find offsets.
Optical Square: an instrument used to set out and measure right angles.
Clinometer: used to measure the angle of slope or inclination.
Field Book: a small, portable notebook used to record survey measurements, sketches, and observations.

Tape survey involves measuring distances using a tape, which could be steel, invar, or fiberglass.
Steel Tapes: most common, used for general purposes.
Invar Tapes: used where very high precision is needed.
Fiberglass Tapes: used for less precise, general measurements.

Plumb Bobs: used for vertical alignment and to ensure measurements are taken straight down to the ground.
Tension Handles (Dynamometers): used to apply a consistent tension to the tape to avoid sagging and improve accuracy.
Tape Clamps: to secure the tape at the endpoints.
Chaining Pins: similar to arrows used in chain surveying to mark positions.
Ranging Rods: same as used in chain survey to mark positions of survey points.
Field Book: for recording measurements and observations during the survey.

Ensure tapes are properly calibrated and free of kinks or damage to maintain accuracy.
Be mindful of temperature and humidity, as they can affect tape length (especially steel and invar tapes).
Use plumb bobs and ranging rods to maintain straight lines and correct alignment during measurement.
Maintain clear and accurate records in the field book to avoid errors.