Cellular Level of Organization

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary role of the plasma membrane?

To house the cell's genetic material.
To synthesize proteins for cellular processes.
To generate energy through cellular respiration.
To form a selective barrier between the cell's internal and external environment. (correct)

Which component of the cytoplasm is responsible for providing structural support and facilitating cell movement?

The cytosol.
The nucleus.
The cytoskeleton. (correct)
The organelles.

What is the function of the glycocalyx, the 'sugary coating' surrounding the cell membrane?

To provide structural support to the cell membrane.
To aid in cell recognition and cell-to-cell interactions. (correct)
To store energy for cellular processes.
To facilitate the transport of molecules across the membrane.

How do transmembrane proteins facilitate the movement of specific substances across the plasma membrane?

By providing channels or acting as transporters for the substances. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what is the likely outcome?

The cell will shrink as water moves out of the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transport processes requires the cell to expend energy in the form of ATP?

Active transport. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role do vesicles play in the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis?

To carry materials into (endocytosis) or out of (exocytosis) the cell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Phagocytosis involves the intake of large particles or cells, while pinocytosis involves the intake of fluids and dissolved solutes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does receptor-mediated endocytosis differ from bulk-phase endocytosis (pinocytosis)?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective, using receptors to bind specific molecules, while pinocytosis is non-selective. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Lipid and steroid synthesis, and detoxification. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lysosomes within a cell?

To digest and recycle cellular waste and debris. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

To modify, sort, and package proteins for transport. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?

Mitochondria. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Peroxisomes are similar to lysosomes, but what is their distinct function?

Detoxifying harmful substances like alcohol. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteasomes play in cells?

Continuously degrading unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

To produce ribosomes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During the process of transcription, what molecule is synthesized?

mRNA. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main event that occurs during the S phase of interphase?

DNA replication. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatid pairs split at their centromeres and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Anaphase. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that occurs during telophase?

Two identical nuclei are formed around the identical sets of chromosomes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What event marks the beginning of cytokinesis?

The constriction of the plasma membrane, forming a cleavage furrow. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

It produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During sexual reproduction, what process restores the diploid number of chromosomes?

Fertilization. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the lipid bilayer in plasma membranes?

Two layers of phospholipids with cholesterol and glycolipids also present. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of chromosomes change during prophase?

They change from chromatin fibers into condensed chromosomes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining cellular function?

To actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, against their concentration gradients. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics are important for cell diversity in multicellular organisms?

Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, permitting organization into complex tissues and organs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Regarding cell division, what occurs during metaphase?

Microtubules align the centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the metaphase plate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes directly to simple diffusion?

Temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these provides structural support in the cytosol?

Microfilaments (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fluid mosaic model in cell membranes?

Arrangement of molecules that resemble a sea of lipids containing proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is always a characteristic of mediated transport systems?

Uses integral proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are proteins transported in the Golgi Complex?

Through various vesicles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cristae?

Increase surface are of the inner mitochondrial membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells contain two sets of chromosomes and are cells diploid cells?

Somatic cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Centrosome?

Contains Centrioles and Pericientriolar material near the nucleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Cilia?

Move fluids along cell surface (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process do proteasomes perform?

Destroy unneeded proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene expression

Creates proteins using DNA and RNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plasma Membrane

Forms the cell's outer boundary, separating its internal environment from the external environment; acts as a selective barrier and has a role in cellular communication.

Cytoplasm

All cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, consisting of cytosol and organelles.