Anatomy & Physiology 1 Final Exam
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Questions and Answers

What is metabolism?

  • All chemical reactions of the body (correct)
  • changes in organism over time
  • new cells or organisms
  • change in shape of tissue or organ

    • What is homeostasis?

  • The ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment in response to changing internal/external conditions (correct)
  • The process by which an organism changes its habitat
  • The method of reproduction in living organisms
  • The ability of an organism to evolve over time

    • What is a positive feedback loop?

  • brings change to alter stimulus
  • most processes in body are controlled by this; the resulting action will always be opposite to the stimulus
  • stimulus that is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic even occurs (correct)
  • detects stimulus of a change in variable and sends it to the control center

    • Which of the following are examples of a positive feedback loop? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Baby breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is a negative feedback loop?

    <p>most processes in body are controlled by this; the resulting action will always be opposite to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of negative feedback loops? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Body temperature regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transverse plane?

    <p>A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coronal plane in anatomy?

    <p>A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the midsagittal plane?

    <p>A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sagittal plane?

    <p>parallel to midsagittal on left or right and splits body/organ in to unequal parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the terms anterior and posterior refer to in anatomical terminology?

    <p>Anterior refers to the front of the body, while posterior refers to the back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs correctly represent inferior and superior directional terms?

    <p>Knees (inferior) - Hips (superior)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical position?

    <p>Standing upright with feet together and arms at the sides, palms facing forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ventral cavity?

    <p>A cavity that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities (also called anterior cavity)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thoracic cavity?

    <p>The space containing mediastinum, pericardial cavity, and pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>A region of the body that contains the digestive, kidneys, most of ureters, and reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the posterior aspect of the human body?

    <p>encased in bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the diaphragm partition?

    <p>The thoracic and abdominal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What membrane lines the ventral cavity?

    <p>Serous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what are 2 layers of the serous membrane

    <p>parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of homeostasis?

    <p>Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a receptor?

    <p>Detects stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is a control center?

    <p>receives stimulus and initiates change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is effecter

    <p>brings change to alter stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is an ionic bond?

    <ul> <li>charged cation and - changed anion bind together by electrostatic interactions</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polar covalent bond?

    <p>A bond where electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

    <p>A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule is water?

    <p>Polar Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 phases of water?

    <p>solid, liquid, and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cohesion in water?

    <p>The attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is surface tension in water?

    <p>Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is adhesion in water?

    <p>Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the universal solvent?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acid?

    <p>Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is a base?

    <p>Accepts H+ when added to a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does H+ correlate to pH?

    <p>The more H+ in a solution the more acidic and the less H+ in a solution the more basic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a buffer?

    <p>A solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suspension in the context of a water mixture?

    <p>A mixture where the particles are evenly distributed but not dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Colloid mixture?

    <p>Mixture with smaller molecules that will partially dissolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Solution?

    <p>Will fully dissolve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Emulsion?

    <p>Special category of suspension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 types of macromolecules?

    <p>Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are general functions of lipids? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lipogenesis?

    <p>The process of synthesizing fatty acids from carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lipolysis?

    <p>The process of breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of carbohydrates?

    <p>To provide energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monosaccharide

    <p>single sugar monomers like glucose, fructose, and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is a disaccharide?

    <p>Formed from 2 monosaccharides and consist of sucrose, lactose, and maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is a polysaccharide?

    <p>many monosaccharides and consist of glycogen, starch, and cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of nucleic acids?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is DNA?

    <p>Found in chromosomes and Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RNA?

    <p>Found in cell nucleus and cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ATP?

    <p>Central molecule of energy transfer within a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of proteins?

    <p>To serve as enzymes, hormones, and to provide structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleus?

    <p>Largest structure in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria?

    <p>Produces ATP through aerobic respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ribosomes?

    <p>Organelles that synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

    <p>Ribosomes inside will synthesize proteins that will be released from cell and incorporated in to plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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