Cervical anatomy - history 120 : passive - resisted - scan 300 : tests 530 : reflex
640 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which part of the cervical spine contains the articular facets?

  • Transverse processes (correct)
  • Spinous processes
  • C1
  • Vertebral bodies

    • How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?

  • 8 (correct)
  • 7
  • 6
  • 5

    • In the rest of the spine, each nerve root is named for the vertebra...

  • Below it
  • Above it (correct)
  • At the same level
  • None of the above

    • At what vertebra does the switch in naming of nerve roots occur?

    <p>C7 and T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is spondylosis often seen in persons?

    <p>45 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum score that indicates a mild episode of neurological injury?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of thoracic outlet symptoms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of backpack palsy (BPP)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can decrease the chances of a new episode of neck pain?

    <p>Maintaining a pain diary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movements can aggravate symptoms in patients with radicular signs and symptoms?

    <p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain is usually immediate in cases of whiplash?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary signs of cervical radiculopathy?

    <p>Unilateral motor and sensory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with injuries in the cervical spine?

    <p>Restricted range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many facet (apophyseal) joints are there in the cervical spine?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction do the superior facets of the cervical spine face?

    <p>Upward, backward, and medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints in the cervical spine primarily move by gliding?

    <p>Facet joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neutral or resting position of the cervical spine?

    <p>Extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?

    <p>Posterior longitudinal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Weakness in the upper limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fingers are typically affected in a patient with myelopathic hand?

    <p>Ring and little finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grip and release test used for?

    <p>Evaluating hand strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cervicogenic headaches?

    <p>Occur in the occipital area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of cervical arterial dissection?

    <p>Unilateral frontal or retro-orbital pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bakody sign indicative of?

    <p>Problems in the C4 or C5 area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?

    <p>Rotation and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas have the greatest potential for problems related to treatment and their concomitant stress on the vertebral arteries?

    <p>Between C1 and C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?

    <p>Neck extension with rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?

    <p>Neck pain and arm pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lower cervical spine called and what type of pain is commonly referred into the upper extremity?

    <p>Cervicobrachial area, neck pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cervical spine contains the articular facets?

    <p>The posterior portion of the transverse processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?

    <p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is spondylosis often seen in persons?

    <p>Between 45 and 65 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the cervical spine is the first palpable vertebra descending from the external occiput protuberance?

    <p>C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum score that indicates a mild episode of neurological injury according to Watkins?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom associated with cervical spine pathology?

    <p>Neck pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine injuries?

    <p>Restricted range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many facet (apophyseal) joints are there in the cervical spine?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction do the superior facets of the cervical spine face?

    <p>Upward, backward, and medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?

    <p>Side flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?

    <p>Recurrent meningeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the height of the cervical spine do the intervertebral discs make up?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?

    <p>High fat or cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?

    <p>Rotation and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas have the greatest potential for problems related to treatment and their concomitant stress on the vertebral arteries?

    <p>Between C1 and C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Both neck and arm pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?

    <p>Neck extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Numbness and weakness in the lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic hand sign seen in patients with cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Inability to grip and release fingers rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of headache occurs as a symptom of musculoskeletal dysfunction in the cervical spine?

    <p>Cervicogenic headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of craniovertebral joint dysfunction?

    <p>Neck pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?

    <p>Fainting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bakody sign indicative of?

    <p>Problems in the C4 or C5 area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is commonly associated with backpack palsy (BPP)?

    <p>Carrying a heavy backpack without waist support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms are commonly associated with cervicothoracic joint problems?

    <p>Shoulder pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements can aggravate symptoms in patients with radicular signs and symptoms?

    <p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute radiculopathies?

    <p>Unilateral motor and sensory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with disc herniations in the cervical spine?

    <p>Severe neck pain radiating into the shoulder, scapula, and/or arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with myofascial pain syndromes?

    <p>Generalized aching and trigger points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?

    <p>Ligamentum flavum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom associated with cervical spine pathology?

    <p>Neck pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints in the cervical spine primarily move by gliding?

    <p>Facet joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?

    <p>Headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is commonly associated with backpack palsy (BPP)?

    <p>Heavy lifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movements bother the patient with cervicothoracic joint problems?

    <p>Pushing and pulling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine injuries?

    <p>Weakness in the arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of craniovertebral joint dysfunction?

    <p>Neck stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the height of the cervical spine do the intervertebral discs make up?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?

    <p>Whiplash injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Muscle weakness in the upper limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of spondylosis deformans?

    <p>It is a disease of aging initiated by intervertebral disc degeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom associated with craniovertebral joint dysfunction?

    <p>Headaches at the base and top of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cervicogenic headaches?

    <p>Symptom of musculoskeletal dysfunction in the cervical spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?

    <p>Balance disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the naming convention for cervical nerve roots?

    <p>Each nerve root is named for the vertebra above it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bakody sign indicative of?

    <p>Problems in the C4 or C5 area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what vertebra does the switch in naming of nerve roots occur?

    <p>C7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of backpack palsy (BPP)?

    <p>Weakness and loss of function in the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe neurological injury severity score according to the Watkins scale?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum combined score (A + B + C) on the Watkins scale that indicates minimum risk of symptoms returning if the patient returns to activity?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements has been shown to significantly decrease vertebral artery blood flow?

    <p>Rotation and extension of 20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the greatest stresses placed on the vertebral arteries?

    <p>Between C1 and the entry of the arteries into the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?

    <p>Neck extension without rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lower cervical spine called and what type of pain is commonly referred into the upper extremity?

    <p>Cervicobrachial area, both neck and arm pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?

    <p>Lower-limb symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors is related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may be related to cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Sphincter dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate a cervical myelopathy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?

    <p>Abnormality of the cranial nerves combined with gait alterations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Diplopia (double vision)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the sympathetic signs and symptoms that may be elicited during an examination?

    <p>Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may indicate a psychological component to the patient's problems?

    <p>Behavioral or psychological problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pillow tends to retain its shape and have more 'bounce'?

    <p>Foam pillow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be tested to determine if there is a psychological component to the patient's problems?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Double vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following positions should be noted if the patient finds them particularly bothersome?

    <p>Flexed cervical spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may affect breathing if injured?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may cause pain on swallowing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pillow tends to retain its shape and offer less support?

    <p>Foam pillow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?

    <p>Lower-limb symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors is related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Sphincter dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?

    <p>Abnormality of cranial nerves combined with gait alterations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may be associated with dizziness?

    <p>Certain head or body positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?

    <p>Difficulty walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors may be related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?

    <p>Numbness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may be a risk factor for carotid and vertebral artery disease?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Double vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate injury to the cranial nerves or the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Ringing in the ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following positions should be noted if the patient finds them particularly bothersome?

    <p>Flexed cervical spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may be caused by neurological problems, mechanical pressure, or muscle incoordination?

    <p>Pain on swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sleeping positions can increase the stress on the lower cervical nerve roots?

    <p>Abducting the arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in determining the patient's problems during observation?

    <p>The patient's willingness to move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a female patient wear during the assessment?

    <p>A bra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?

    <p>The patient's pain level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate if the patient is supporting the head and neck and is afraid to move the head?

    <p>Cervical instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which posture is usually best for the patient during observation?

    <p>Standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do abnormalities in one area of the body often affect another area?

    <p>Frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?

    <p>Side Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) for flexion in the lower cervical spine?

    <p>80° to 90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of rotation in the cervical spine?

    <p>40° to 50°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement that occurs between C1 and C2 in rotation?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of side flexion in the cervical spine?

    <p>40° to 50°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) for extension in the upper cervical spine?

    <p>60° to 70°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of a poking chin posture?

    <p>Excessive lumbar lordosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?

    <p>30° to 40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a habitual poking chin posture on the muscles?

    <p>Weak deep neck flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause the head to be tilted or rotated to one side, indicating possible torticollis?

    <p>Acute torticollis due to a disc problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of rounding shoulders?

    <p>Protraction of scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may altered coloration of the skin, ulcers, or vein distention indicate?

    <p>Upper limb ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements should be performed if exacerbation of symptoms occurs with combined flexion, rotation, and extension?

    <p>Passive and active movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?

    <p>Cervical rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is carried out during the active movements of the cervical spine?

    <p>Flexion and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position is the passive range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine normally greater than the active and passive ROM in sitting?

    <p>Supine position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of many factors that determine the range of movement available in the cervical spine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?

    <p>Lumbar radiculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cervical spine is tested during the active movements?

    <p>C2 to C7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?

    <p>Soto-Hall test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done during the active movements to avoid carrying over residual pain from the previous movement?

    <p>Perform the movements in a particular order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movement restrictions and their possible causes are outlined in Table 3.17?

    <p>Passive movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should overpressure be applied during the active movements?

    <p>When the movement appears to be full and not too painful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in determining a patient's problems during examination?

    <p>The examiner's observation of the patient's movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a female patient wear during the assessment?

    <p>A bra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?

    <p>The patient's level of comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may indicate cervical instability in a patient?

    <p>The patient's fear of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best posture for a patient during the assessment?

    <p>Standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can abnormalities in one area frequently affect?

    <p>Another area of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following postural deviations may result in adaptive shortening of the occipital muscles and increased comprehensive stress of the facet joints and posterior discs?

    <p>Habitual poking chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of lordotic curvature in the cervical spine?

    <p>30° to 40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital fusion of some cervical vertebra, usually C3 to C5?

    <p>Klippel-Feil syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a posture in which the head is tilted or rotated to one side or the other?

    <p>Torticollis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles are weak in a cervical 'upper crossed syndrome' caused by a habitual poking chin posture?

    <p>Deep neck flexors and rhomboids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal sitting posture with respect to the cervical spine?

    <p>Lordotic curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements should be done first during the examination of the cervical spine?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to the range of motion (ROM) available in the cervical spine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cervical spine is responsible for nodding movement during flexion?

    <p>Upper cervical spine (C0 to C2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result if one vertebra moves in the cervical spine between C2 and C7?

    <p>Adjacent vertebrae will also move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?

    <p>Compressing the vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?

    <p>Flexion and rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?

    <p>Cervical rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following passive movements should be performed along with active movements for the cervical spine?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the supine position, what is the normal passive range of motion for side flexion in the cervical spine?

    <p>75°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of relaxation of the muscles in the supine position on passive range of motion in the cervical spine?

    <p>Increases range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?

    <p>Lower-extremity radiculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion with overpressure?

    <p>Soto-Hall test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During flexion of the upper cervical spine, the intervertebral foramen is _______ on flexion than on extension.

    <p>Larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle initiates the flexion movement of the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum range of motion for extension in the upper cervical spine?

    <p>70°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During side flexion of the cervical spine, the examiner should ensure that the _______ moves toward the shoulder and not the shoulder toward the ear.

    <p>Ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rotation and side flexion always occur together in the cervical spine, but not necessarily in the same _______.

    <p>Direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the rotation in the cervical spine occurs between which two vertebrae?

    <p>C1 and C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is normally pain free when testing flexion in the upper cervical spine?

    <p>Nodding the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage larger is the intervertebral foramen on flexion compared to extension?

    <p>20% to 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum range of motion for flexion of the lower cervical spine?

    <p>80° to 90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles initiate the flexion movement in the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of rotation in the cervical spine?

    <p>80° to 90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement always occurs together with rotation in the cervical spine?

    <p>Side flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of excessive lumbar lordosis?

    <p>Poking chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?

    <p>30° to 40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may result from a habitual poking chin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are weak in a cervical 'upper crossed syndrome' caused by a poking chin posture?

    <p>Deep neck flexors, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and lower trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal sitting posture in terms of alignment?

    <p>Earlobe in line with the acromion process and iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of rounded shoulders?

    <p>Poking chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements should be done in a particular order during the examination of the cervical spine?

    <p>The most painful movements are done last.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an aberrant or uncontrolled movement of the cervical spine during active movements?

    <p>Cervical movement control dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to the range of motion available in the cervical spine?

    <p>Flexibility of the intervertebral discs, shape and inclination of the articular processes, and laxity of the ligaments and joint capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cervical spine is primarily responsible for nodding movement during flexion?

    <p>Upper cervical spine (C0 to C2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements in the cervical spine can be divided into two parts: those testing the upper cervical spine (C0 to C2) and those involving the rest of the cervical spine (C2 to C7)?

    <p>Rotation and side flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if the vertebral artery is compressed during certain movements of the cervical spine?

    <p>Decrease in blood supply to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why the examiner should watch the patient as they enter the examination room and undress?

    <p>To check for cervical instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a female patient wear for the upper body assessment?

    <p>A bra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a female patient need to remove their bra during the assessment?

    <p>To determine if there are any problems with the thoracic spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?

    <p>The amount of pain the patient is experiencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the examiner proceed with caution during the assessment?

    <p>If the patient is exhibiting Rust's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a standing posture preferred during the assessment?

    <p>To observe the patient's whole body posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements should be performed if symptoms are exacerbated by flexion, rotation, side flexion, and extension combined?

    <p>Flexion, rotation, side flexion, and extension combined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches if pain occurs with the rotation as well?

    <p>Cervical flexion-rotation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position should the patient lie in when performing passive movements to test flexion, extension, side flexion, and rotation?

    <p>Supine position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range of passive side flexion is normally greater in the supine position compared to the sitting position?

    <p>75° to 80°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate if pain is felt in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure?

    <p>Lower-extremity radiculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the test in which the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?

    <p>Soto-Hall test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is used to test rotation between the occiput and C1 in the cervical spine?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end feel of the normal cervical spine motions?

    <p>Tissue stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position increases the vulnerability of anterior, posterior, and lateral tissues of the neck, including the vertebral artery?

    <p>End-range extension, side flexion, and rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) in the examination of the cervical spine?

    <p>To assess the amount of movement in each segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is used to test rotation at C1 to C2 in the cervical spine?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is used to test rotation between C0 and C1 in the cervical spine?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a functional test for neck flexion?

    <p>Looking Down at Belt Buckle or Shoe Laces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended neck strength in athletes to decrease the chance of injury?

    <p>30% of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which questionnaire is used to assess the impact of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WADs)?

    <p>Whiplash Disability Questionnaire (WDQ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional test is necessary for everyday activities requiring neck extension?

    <p>Looking Up at the Ceiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are involved in the swallowing movement?

    <p>Muscles of the lips, tongue, and larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional test is necessary for everyday activities requiring cervical rotation?

    <p>Shoulder Check</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements are tested isometrically to determine relative muscle strength of each movement and to compare opposite movements?

    <p>Flexion, extension, side flexion, and rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended instruction for the examiner to give the patient during resisted isometric movements?

    <p>Don’t let me move you</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements should be done with the cervical spine in the neutral position during resisted isometric testing?

    <p>All movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movements should be done last during resisted isometric testing if they are painful for the patient?

    <p>Painful movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the examiner determine by looking at the combinations of muscles that cause a specific movement?

    <p>Which muscle is at fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the examiner test certain loaded or combined movements isometrically?

    <p>If the patient complains of pain during those movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct method to test neck flexion (C1-C2 myotome)?

    <p>Apply pressure to the forehead while stabilizing the trunk with a hand between the scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the examiner test neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?

    <p>Place one hand above the patient's ear and apply a side flexion force while stabilizing the trunk with the other hand on the opposite shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the examiner test shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?

    <p>Ask the patient to elevate the arms to about 75° to 80° in the scapular plane with the elbows flexed to 90° and the forearms pronated or in neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the examiner test elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?

    <p>Ask the patient to put the arms by the sides with the elbows flexed to 90° and forearms in neutral, and apply a downward isometric force to the forearms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the examiner test wrist extension (C6 myotome)?

    <p>The patient's arms are by the side, elbows at 90°, forearms pronated, and the examiner applies a downward force to the hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the examiner test ulnar deviation (C8 myotome)?

    <p>Stabilize the patient's forearm with one hand and apply a radial deviation force to the side of the hand</p>