Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the cervical spine contains the articular facets?
Which part of the cervical spine contains the articular facets?
- Transverse processes (correct)
- Spinous processes
- C1
- Vertebral bodies
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
- 8 (correct)
- 7
- 6
- 5
In the rest of the spine, each nerve root is named for the vertebra...
In the rest of the spine, each nerve root is named for the vertebra...
- Below it
- Above it (correct)
- At the same level
- None of the above
At what vertebra does the switch in naming of nerve roots occur?
At what vertebra does the switch in naming of nerve roots occur?
At what age is spondylosis often seen in persons?
At what age is spondylosis often seen in persons?
What is the minimum score that indicates a mild episode of neurological injury?
What is the minimum score that indicates a mild episode of neurological injury?
Which of the following is a potential cause of thoracic outlet symptoms?
Which of the following is a potential cause of thoracic outlet symptoms?
What is a common symptom of backpack palsy (BPP)?
What is a common symptom of backpack palsy (BPP)?
What can decrease the chances of a new episode of neck pain?
What can decrease the chances of a new episode of neck pain?
What movements can aggravate symptoms in patients with radicular signs and symptoms?
What movements can aggravate symptoms in patients with radicular signs and symptoms?
What type of pain is usually immediate in cases of whiplash?
What type of pain is usually immediate in cases of whiplash?
What are the primary signs of cervical radiculopathy?
What are the primary signs of cervical radiculopathy?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with injuries in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with injuries in the cervical spine?
How many facet (apophyseal) joints are there in the cervical spine?
How many facet (apophyseal) joints are there in the cervical spine?
Which direction do the superior facets of the cervical spine face?
Which direction do the superior facets of the cervical spine face?
Which joints in the cervical spine primarily move by gliding?
Which joints in the cervical spine primarily move by gliding?
What is the neutral or resting position of the cervical spine?
What is the neutral or resting position of the cervical spine?
Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
Which fingers are typically affected in a patient with myelopathic hand?
Which fingers are typically affected in a patient with myelopathic hand?
What is the grip and release test used for?
What is the grip and release test used for?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cervicogenic headaches?
What is a common symptom of cervical arterial dissection?
What is a common symptom of cervical arterial dissection?
What is Bakody sign indicative of?
What is Bakody sign indicative of?
Which of the following risk factors may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?
Which of the following risk factors may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?
Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
Which areas have the greatest potential for problems related to treatment and their concomitant stress on the vertebral arteries?
Which areas have the greatest potential for problems related to treatment and their concomitant stress on the vertebral arteries?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?
What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?
What is the lower cervical spine called and what type of pain is commonly referred into the upper extremity?
What is the lower cervical spine called and what type of pain is commonly referred into the upper extremity?
Which part of the cervical spine contains the articular facets?
Which part of the cervical spine contains the articular facets?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
At what age is spondylosis often seen in persons?
At what age is spondylosis often seen in persons?
Which area of the cervical spine is the first palpable vertebra descending from the external occiput protuberance?
Which area of the cervical spine is the first palpable vertebra descending from the external occiput protuberance?
What is the minimum score that indicates a mild episode of neurological injury according to Watkins?
What is the minimum score that indicates a mild episode of neurological injury according to Watkins?
What is the most common symptom associated with cervical spine pathology?
What is the most common symptom associated with cervical spine pathology?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine injuries?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine injuries?
How many facet (apophyseal) joints are there in the cervical spine?
How many facet (apophyseal) joints are there in the cervical spine?
Which direction do the superior facets of the cervical spine face?
Which direction do the superior facets of the cervical spine face?
Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?
Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?
Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?
What percentage of the height of the cervical spine do the intervertebral discs make up?
What percentage of the height of the cervical spine do the intervertebral discs make up?
Which of the following risk factors may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?
Which of the following risk factors may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?
Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?
What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?
Which areas have the greatest potential for problems related to treatment and their concomitant stress on the vertebral arteries?
Which areas have the greatest potential for problems related to treatment and their concomitant stress on the vertebral arteries?
What is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
What is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
What is the characteristic hand sign seen in patients with cervical myelopathy?
What is the characteristic hand sign seen in patients with cervical myelopathy?
Which type of headache occurs as a symptom of musculoskeletal dysfunction in the cervical spine?
Which type of headache occurs as a symptom of musculoskeletal dysfunction in the cervical spine?
What is a common symptom of craniovertebral joint dysfunction?
What is a common symptom of craniovertebral joint dysfunction?
What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?
What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?
What is the Bakody sign indicative of?
What is the Bakody sign indicative of?
Which of the following activities is commonly associated with backpack palsy (BPP)?
Which of the following activities is commonly associated with backpack palsy (BPP)?
What type of symptoms are commonly associated with cervicothoracic joint problems?
What type of symptoms are commonly associated with cervicothoracic joint problems?
Which of the following movements can aggravate symptoms in patients with radicular signs and symptoms?
Which of the following movements can aggravate symptoms in patients with radicular signs and symptoms?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acute radiculopathies?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acute radiculopathies?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with disc herniations in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with disc herniations in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with myofascial pain syndromes?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with myofascial pain syndromes?
Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Which ligament innervates the anterior dura sac, the posterior annulus fibrosus, and the posterior longitudinal ligament?
What is the most common symptom associated with cervical spine pathology?
What is the most common symptom associated with cervical spine pathology?
Which joints in the cervical spine primarily move by gliding?
Which joints in the cervical spine primarily move by gliding?
Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?
Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?
What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?
Which of the following activities is commonly associated with backpack palsy (BPP)?
Which of the following activities is commonly associated with backpack palsy (BPP)?
What movements bother the patient with cervicothoracic joint problems?
What movements bother the patient with cervicothoracic joint problems?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine injuries?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine injuries?
What is a common symptom of craniovertebral joint dysfunction?
What is a common symptom of craniovertebral joint dysfunction?
What percentage of the height of the cervical spine do the intervertebral discs make up?
What percentage of the height of the cervical spine do the intervertebral discs make up?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following is a characteristic of spondylosis deformans?
Which of the following is a characteristic of spondylosis deformans?
What is the most common symptom associated with craniovertebral joint dysfunction?
What is the most common symptom associated with craniovertebral joint dysfunction?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cervicogenic headaches?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
How many cervical nerve roots are there in the cervical spine?
What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?
What is a potential sign of vertebral artery dissection?
What is the naming convention for cervical nerve roots?
What is the naming convention for cervical nerve roots?
What is Bakody sign indicative of?
What is Bakody sign indicative of?
At what vertebra does the switch in naming of nerve roots occur?
At what vertebra does the switch in naming of nerve roots occur?
What is a common symptom of backpack palsy (BPP)?
What is a common symptom of backpack palsy (BPP)?
What is the most severe neurological injury severity score according to the Watkins scale?
What is the most severe neurological injury severity score according to the Watkins scale?
What is the minimum combined score (A + B + C) on the Watkins scale that indicates minimum risk of symptoms returning if the patient returns to activity?
What is the minimum combined score (A + B + C) on the Watkins scale that indicates minimum risk of symptoms returning if the patient returns to activity?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries?
Which of the following movements has been shown to significantly decrease vertebral artery blood flow?
Which of the following movements has been shown to significantly decrease vertebral artery blood flow?
Where are the greatest stresses placed on the vertebral arteries?
Where are the greatest stresses placed on the vertebral arteries?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?
What symptoms may be associated with the vertebral artery?
What is the lower cervical spine called and what type of pain is commonly referred into the upper extremity?
What is the lower cervical spine called and what type of pain is commonly referred into the upper extremity?
Which of the following may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?
Which of the following may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?
Which of the following risk factors is related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following risk factors is related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following symptoms may be related to cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following symptoms may be related to cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following may indicate a cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following may indicate a cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?
Which of the following may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?
What symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?
What symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?
What are some of the sympathetic signs and symptoms that may be elicited during an examination?
What are some of the sympathetic signs and symptoms that may be elicited during an examination?
What may indicate a psychological component to the patient's problems?
What may indicate a psychological component to the patient's problems?
What type of pillow tends to retain its shape and have more 'bounce'?
What type of pillow tends to retain its shape and have more 'bounce'?
What can be tested to determine if there is a psychological component to the patient's problems?
What can be tested to determine if there is a psychological component to the patient's problems?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?
Which of the following positions should be noted if the patient finds them particularly bothersome?
Which of the following positions should be noted if the patient finds them particularly bothersome?
Which of the following may affect breathing if injured?
Which of the following may affect breathing if injured?
Which of the following may cause pain on swallowing?
Which of the following may cause pain on swallowing?
Which type of pillow tends to retain its shape and offer less support?
Which type of pillow tends to retain its shape and offer less support?
Which of the following may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?
Which of the following may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?
Which of the following risk factors is related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following risk factors is related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?
Which of the following may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?
Which of the following may be associated with dizziness?
Which of the following may be associated with dizziness?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate a severe problem affecting the spinal cord?
Which of the following risk factors may be related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following risk factors may be related to vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate systemic neurological dysfunction?
Which of the following may be a risk factor for carotid and vertebral artery disease?
Which of the following may be a risk factor for carotid and vertebral artery disease?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate severity of injury, neurological injury, and sometimes increased intracranial pressure?
Which of the following may indicate injury to the cranial nerves or the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following may indicate injury to the cranial nerves or the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following positions should be noted if the patient finds them particularly bothersome?
Which of the following positions should be noted if the patient finds them particularly bothersome?
Which of the following may be caused by neurological problems, mechanical pressure, or muscle incoordination?
Which of the following may be caused by neurological problems, mechanical pressure, or muscle incoordination?
Which of the following sleeping positions can increase the stress on the lower cervical nerve roots?
Which of the following sleeping positions can increase the stress on the lower cervical nerve roots?
Which of the following is a key factor in determining the patient's problems during observation?
Which of the following is a key factor in determining the patient's problems during observation?
What should a female patient wear during the assessment?
What should a female patient wear during the assessment?
What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?
What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?
What does it indicate if the patient is supporting the head and neck and is afraid to move the head?
What does it indicate if the patient is supporting the head and neck and is afraid to move the head?
Which posture is usually best for the patient during observation?
Which posture is usually best for the patient during observation?
How do abnormalities in one area of the body often affect another area?
How do abnormalities in one area of the body often affect another area?
Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?
Which movement is prevented by the plane of the facet joints in the cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) for flexion in the lower cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) for flexion in the lower cervical spine?
What is the normal range of rotation in the cervical spine?
What is the normal range of rotation in the cervical spine?
What is the primary movement that occurs between C1 and C2 in rotation?
What is the primary movement that occurs between C1 and C2 in rotation?
What is the normal range of side flexion in the cervical spine?
What is the normal range of side flexion in the cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) for extension in the upper cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) for extension in the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following is a potential cause of a poking chin posture?
Which of the following is a potential cause of a poking chin posture?
What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?
What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?
What is the effect of a habitual poking chin posture on the muscles?
What is the effect of a habitual poking chin posture on the muscles?
What may cause the head to be tilted or rotated to one side, indicating possible torticollis?
What may cause the head to be tilted or rotated to one side, indicating possible torticollis?
What is a common result of rounding shoulders?
What is a common result of rounding shoulders?
What may altered coloration of the skin, ulcers, or vein distention indicate?
What may altered coloration of the skin, ulcers, or vein distention indicate?
Which of the following movements should be performed if exacerbation of symptoms occurs with combined flexion, rotation, and extension?
Which of the following movements should be performed if exacerbation of symptoms occurs with combined flexion, rotation, and extension?
Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following movements is carried out during the active movements of the cervical spine?
Which of the following movements is carried out during the active movements of the cervical spine?
In which position is the passive range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine normally greater than the active and passive ROM in sitting?
In which position is the passive range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine normally greater than the active and passive ROM in sitting?
What is the result of many factors that determine the range of movement available in the cervical spine?
What is the result of many factors that determine the range of movement available in the cervical spine?
What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?
What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?
Which part of the cervical spine is tested during the active movements?
Which part of the cervical spine is tested during the active movements?
What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?
What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?
What should be done during the active movements to avoid carrying over residual pain from the previous movement?
What should be done during the active movements to avoid carrying over residual pain from the previous movement?
Which type of movement restrictions and their possible causes are outlined in Table 3.17?
Which type of movement restrictions and their possible causes are outlined in Table 3.17?
When should overpressure be applied during the active movements?
When should overpressure be applied during the active movements?
What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?
What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?
Which of the following is a key factor in determining a patient's problems during examination?
Which of the following is a key factor in determining a patient's problems during examination?
What should a female patient wear during the assessment?
What should a female patient wear during the assessment?
What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?
What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?
What may indicate cervical instability in a patient?
What may indicate cervical instability in a patient?
What is the best posture for a patient during the assessment?
What is the best posture for a patient during the assessment?
What can abnormalities in one area frequently affect?
What can abnormalities in one area frequently affect?
Which of the following postural deviations may result in adaptive shortening of the occipital muscles and increased comprehensive stress of the facet joints and posterior discs?
Which of the following postural deviations may result in adaptive shortening of the occipital muscles and increased comprehensive stress of the facet joints and posterior discs?
What is the normal range of lordotic curvature in the cervical spine?
What is the normal range of lordotic curvature in the cervical spine?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital fusion of some cervical vertebra, usually C3 to C5?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital fusion of some cervical vertebra, usually C3 to C5?
What is the term for a posture in which the head is tilted or rotated to one side or the other?
What is the term for a posture in which the head is tilted or rotated to one side or the other?
Which of the following muscles are weak in a cervical 'upper crossed syndrome' caused by a habitual poking chin posture?
Which of the following muscles are weak in a cervical 'upper crossed syndrome' caused by a habitual poking chin posture?
What is the normal sitting posture with respect to the cervical spine?
What is the normal sitting posture with respect to the cervical spine?
Which movements should be done first during the examination of the cervical spine?
Which movements should be done first during the examination of the cervical spine?
Which factors contribute to the range of motion (ROM) available in the cervical spine?
Which factors contribute to the range of motion (ROM) available in the cervical spine?
Which part of the cervical spine is responsible for nodding movement during flexion?
Which part of the cervical spine is responsible for nodding movement during flexion?
What is the result if one vertebra moves in the cervical spine between C2 and C7?
What is the result if one vertebra moves in the cervical spine between C2 and C7?
What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?
What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?
Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
Which movements are primarily responsible for stressing the vertebral and internal carotid arteries?
Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following passive movements should be performed along with active movements for the cervical spine?
Which of the following passive movements should be performed along with active movements for the cervical spine?
In the supine position, what is the normal passive range of motion for side flexion in the cervical spine?
In the supine position, what is the normal passive range of motion for side flexion in the cervical spine?
What is the effect of relaxation of the muscles in the supine position on passive range of motion in the cervical spine?
What is the effect of relaxation of the muscles in the supine position on passive range of motion in the cervical spine?
What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?
What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?
What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion with overpressure?
What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion with overpressure?
During flexion of the upper cervical spine, the intervertebral foramen is _______ on flexion than on extension.
During flexion of the upper cervical spine, the intervertebral foramen is _______ on flexion than on extension.
Which muscle initiates the flexion movement of the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?
Which muscle initiates the flexion movement of the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?
What is the maximum range of motion for extension in the upper cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion for extension in the upper cervical spine?
During side flexion of the cervical spine, the examiner should ensure that the _______ moves toward the shoulder and not the shoulder toward the ear.
During side flexion of the cervical spine, the examiner should ensure that the _______ moves toward the shoulder and not the shoulder toward the ear.
Rotation and side flexion always occur together in the cervical spine, but not necessarily in the same _______.
Rotation and side flexion always occur together in the cervical spine, but not necessarily in the same _______.
Most of the rotation in the cervical spine occurs between which two vertebrae?
Most of the rotation in the cervical spine occurs between which two vertebrae?
Which movement is normally pain free when testing flexion in the upper cervical spine?
Which movement is normally pain free when testing flexion in the upper cervical spine?
What percentage larger is the intervertebral foramen on flexion compared to extension?
What percentage larger is the intervertebral foramen on flexion compared to extension?
What is the maximum range of motion for flexion of the lower cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion for flexion of the lower cervical spine?
What muscles initiate the flexion movement in the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?
What muscles initiate the flexion movement in the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?
What is the normal range of rotation in the cervical spine?
What is the normal range of rotation in the cervical spine?
Which movement always occurs together with rotation in the cervical spine?
Which movement always occurs together with rotation in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a common symptom of excessive lumbar lordosis?
Which of the following is a common symptom of excessive lumbar lordosis?
What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?
What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?
Which of the following may result from a habitual poking chin?
Which of the following may result from a habitual poking chin?
Which muscles are weak in a cervical 'upper crossed syndrome' caused by a poking chin posture?
Which muscles are weak in a cervical 'upper crossed syndrome' caused by a poking chin posture?
What is the normal sitting posture in terms of alignment?
What is the normal sitting posture in terms of alignment?
What is a possible cause of rounded shoulders?
What is a possible cause of rounded shoulders?
Which movements should be done in a particular order during the examination of the cervical spine?
Which movements should be done in a particular order during the examination of the cervical spine?
What is the term for an aberrant or uncontrolled movement of the cervical spine during active movements?
What is the term for an aberrant or uncontrolled movement of the cervical spine during active movements?
Which factors contribute to the range of motion available in the cervical spine?
Which factors contribute to the range of motion available in the cervical spine?
Which part of the cervical spine is primarily responsible for nodding movement during flexion?
Which part of the cervical spine is primarily responsible for nodding movement during flexion?
Which movements in the cervical spine can be divided into two parts: those testing the upper cervical spine (C0 to C2) and those involving the rest of the cervical spine (C2 to C7)?
Which movements in the cervical spine can be divided into two parts: those testing the upper cervical spine (C0 to C2) and those involving the rest of the cervical spine (C2 to C7)?
What may occur if the vertebral artery is compressed during certain movements of the cervical spine?
What may occur if the vertebral artery is compressed during certain movements of the cervical spine?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the examiner should watch the patient as they enter the examination room and undress?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the examiner should watch the patient as they enter the examination room and undress?
What should a female patient wear for the upper body assessment?
What should a female patient wear for the upper body assessment?
Why might a female patient need to remove their bra during the assessment?
Why might a female patient need to remove their bra during the assessment?
What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?
What can the examiner determine by observing the patient's facial expression?
When should the examiner proceed with caution during the assessment?
When should the examiner proceed with caution during the assessment?
Why is a standing posture preferred during the assessment?
Why is a standing posture preferred during the assessment?
Which of the following movements should be performed if symptoms are exacerbated by flexion, rotation, side flexion, and extension combined?
Which of the following movements should be performed if symptoms are exacerbated by flexion, rotation, side flexion, and extension combined?
Which test is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches if pain occurs with the rotation as well?
Which test is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches if pain occurs with the rotation as well?
Which position should the patient lie in when performing passive movements to test flexion, extension, side flexion, and rotation?
Which position should the patient lie in when performing passive movements to test flexion, extension, side flexion, and rotation?
Which range of passive side flexion is normally greater in the supine position compared to the sitting position?
Which range of passive side flexion is normally greater in the supine position compared to the sitting position?
What does it indicate if pain is felt in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure?
What does it indicate if pain is felt in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure?
What is the term for the test in which the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?
What is the term for the test in which the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?
Which movement is used to test rotation between the occiput and C1 in the cervical spine?
Which movement is used to test rotation between the occiput and C1 in the cervical spine?
What is the end feel of the normal cervical spine motions?
What is the end feel of the normal cervical spine motions?
Which position increases the vulnerability of anterior, posterior, and lateral tissues of the neck, including the vertebral artery?
Which position increases the vulnerability of anterior, posterior, and lateral tissues of the neck, including the vertebral artery?
What is the purpose of passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) in the examination of the cervical spine?
What is the purpose of passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) in the examination of the cervical spine?
Which movement is used to test rotation at C1 to C2 in the cervical spine?
Which movement is used to test rotation at C1 to C2 in the cervical spine?
Which movement is used to test rotation between C0 and C1 in the cervical spine?
Which movement is used to test rotation between C0 and C1 in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a functional test for neck flexion?
Which of the following is a functional test for neck flexion?
What is the recommended neck strength in athletes to decrease the chance of injury?
What is the recommended neck strength in athletes to decrease the chance of injury?
Which questionnaire is used to assess the impact of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WADs)?
Which questionnaire is used to assess the impact of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WADs)?
Which functional test is necessary for everyday activities requiring neck extension?
Which functional test is necessary for everyday activities requiring neck extension?
Which muscles are involved in the swallowing movement?
Which muscles are involved in the swallowing movement?
Which functional test is necessary for everyday activities requiring cervical rotation?
Which functional test is necessary for everyday activities requiring cervical rotation?
Which movements are tested isometrically to determine relative muscle strength of each movement and to compare opposite movements?
Which movements are tested isometrically to determine relative muscle strength of each movement and to compare opposite movements?
What is the recommended instruction for the examiner to give the patient during resisted isometric movements?
What is the recommended instruction for the examiner to give the patient during resisted isometric movements?
Which movements should be done with the cervical spine in the neutral position during resisted isometric testing?
Which movements should be done with the cervical spine in the neutral position during resisted isometric testing?
Which movements should be done last during resisted isometric testing if they are painful for the patient?
Which movements should be done last during resisted isometric testing if they are painful for the patient?
What can the examiner determine by looking at the combinations of muscles that cause a specific movement?
What can the examiner determine by looking at the combinations of muscles that cause a specific movement?
When should the examiner test certain loaded or combined movements isometrically?
When should the examiner test certain loaded or combined movements isometrically?
Which of the following is the correct method to test neck flexion (C1-C2 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method to test neck flexion (C1-C2 myotome)?
How should the examiner test neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?
How should the examiner test neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?
How should the examiner test shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?
How should the examiner test shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?
How should the examiner test elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?
How should the examiner test elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?
How should the examiner test wrist extension (C6 myotome)?
How should the examiner test wrist extension (C6 myotome)?
How should the examiner test ulnar deviation (C8 myotome)?
How should the examiner test ulnar deviation (C8 myotome)?
During passive testing of the cervical spine, the passive ROM with the patient supine is normally ________ than the active and passive ROM with the patient sitting.
During passive testing of the cervical spine, the passive ROM with the patient supine is normally ________ than the active and passive ROM with the patient sitting.
Which movement of the cervical spine should be performed along with active movements, as active movements with overpressure at end of range do not give a true impression of end feel?
Which movement of the cervical spine should be performed along with active movements, as active movements with overpressure at end of range do not give a true impression of end feel?
If pain is felt in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure of the cervical spine, it may indicate a lower-extremity ________ of one of the lower limb peripheral nerves as the movement stretches the dura.
If pain is felt in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure of the cervical spine, it may indicate a lower-extremity ________ of one of the lower limb peripheral nerves as the movement stretches the dura.
What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion with overpressure?
What is the name of the test where the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion with overpressure?
During passive movements of the cervical spine, the examiner can palpate between adjacent vertebrae to feel the relative amount of movement on each side. For flexion, the examiner palpates between the ________ process and the transverse process for movement between C0 and C1.
During passive movements of the cervical spine, the examiner can palpate between adjacent vertebrae to feel the relative amount of movement on each side. For flexion, the examiner palpates between the ________ process and the transverse process for movement between C0 and C1.
What is the name of the characteristic hand sign seen in patients with cervical myelopathy?
What is the name of the characteristic hand sign seen in patients with cervical myelopathy?
Which movement is used to test rotation between the occiput and C1 in the cervical spine?
Which movement is used to test rotation between the occiput and C1 in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of restriction of movement between C0 and C1 on one side?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of restriction of movement between C0 and C1 on one side?
What is the end feel for normal flexion of the cervical spine?
What is the end feel for normal flexion of the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the quadrant position?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the quadrant position?
Which of the following is a potential cause of restricted rotation in patients with cervicogenic headache?
Which of the following is a potential cause of restricted rotation in patients with cervicogenic headache?
Which of the following is used to test the end feel for movement of the lower cervical spine into extension?
Which of the following is used to test the end feel for movement of the lower cervical spine into extension?
Which of the following is a functional movement that requires at least 60° to 70° of neck flexion?
Which of the following is a functional movement that requires at least 60° to 70° of neck flexion?
Which of the following is a functional movement that requires at least 60° to 70° of cervical rotation?
Which of the following is a functional movement that requires at least 60° to 70° of cervical rotation?
Which of the following is a functional movement that produces upper cervical flexion with lower cervical extension?
Which of the following is a functional movement that produces upper cervical flexion with lower cervical extension?
Which of the following is a functional movement that produces upper cervical extension with lower cervical flexion?
Which of the following is a functional movement that produces upper cervical extension with lower cervical flexion?
What is the recommended neck strength in athletes to decrease the chance of injury?
What is the recommended neck strength in athletes to decrease the chance of injury?
Which of the following can be used to assess the impact of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WADs), including social and emotional problems?
Which of the following can be used to assess the impact of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WADs), including social and emotional problems?
During the resisted isometric movements to the cervical spine, which of the following movements should be done last?
During the resisted isometric movements to the cervical spine, which of the following movements should be done last?
When performing the peripheral joint scanning examination, which joint is checked by placing the index or little fingers in the patient's ears?
When performing the peripheral joint scanning examination, which joint is checked by placing the index or little fingers in the patient's ears?
Which of the following movements checks the mobility of the scapula on the thorax and movement of the upper ribs during the shoulder girdle scanning examination?
Which of the following movements checks the mobility of the scapula on the thorax and movement of the upper ribs during the shoulder girdle scanning examination?
Which joint is actively moved through flexion, extension, supination, and pronation during the peripheral joint scanning examination?
Which joint is actively moved through flexion, extension, supination, and pronation during the peripheral joint scanning examination?
Which of the following actions is performed for the fingers and thumb during the wrist and hand scanning examination?
Which of the following actions is performed for the fingers and thumb during the wrist and hand scanning examination?
What may pain or tenderness, especially on closing the mandible, indicate during the examination of the temporomandibular joints?
What may pain or tenderness, especially on closing the mandible, indicate during the examination of the temporomandibular joints?
During passive movements of the cervical spine, the examiner can palpate between which two structures to feel the relative amount of movement on each side?
During passive movements of the cervical spine, the examiner can palpate between which two structures to feel the relative amount of movement on each side?
Which position should the patient be in during passive movements of the cervical spine to achieve a greater range of motion compared to active and passive movements with the patient sitting?
Which position should the patient be in during passive movements of the cervical spine to achieve a greater range of motion compared to active and passive movements with the patient sitting?
What is the purpose of performing passive movements with overpressure along with active movements for the cervical spine?
What is the purpose of performing passive movements with overpressure along with active movements for the cervical spine?
What may indicate a lower-extremity radiculopathy during passive flexion with overpressure of the cervical spine?
What may indicate a lower-extremity radiculopathy during passive flexion with overpressure of the cervical spine?
What is the term for the test in which the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?
What is the term for the test in which the examiner's second hand is placed over the sternum to prevent thoracic flexion during passive flexion?
What is the reason for the increased range of motion in the supine position compared to sitting during passive side flexion of the cervical spine?
What is the reason for the increased range of motion in the supine position compared to sitting during passive side flexion of the cervical spine?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing elbow extension (C7 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing elbow extension (C7 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing wrist extension (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing wrist extension (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing wrist flexion (C7 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing wrist flexion (C7 myotome)?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical myelopathy?
What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?
What is the normal lordotic curvature of the cervical spine?
Which of the following movements checks the mobility of the scapula on the thorax and movement of the upper ribs during the shoulder girdle scanning examination?
Which of the following movements checks the mobility of the scapula on the thorax and movement of the upper ribs during the shoulder girdle scanning examination?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acute radiculopathies?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acute radiculopathies?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
What is the most common mechanism for nonpenetrating injury to the vertebral artery?
During side flexion of the cervical spine, the examiner should ensure that the _______ moves toward the shoulder and not the shoulder toward the ear.
During side flexion of the cervical spine, the examiner should ensure that the _______ moves toward the shoulder and not the shoulder toward the ear.
Which movement is used to test the mobility of the scapula on the thorax and movement of the upper ribs?
Which movement is used to test the mobility of the scapula on the thorax and movement of the upper ribs?
What is the purpose of the resisted isometric movements in the cervical spine examination?
What is the purpose of the resisted isometric movements in the cervical spine examination?
What is the correct method for testing wrist flexion?
What is the correct method for testing wrist flexion?
Which joint is checked for equality of movement of the condyles and for clicking or grinding?
Which joint is checked for equality of movement of the condyles and for clicking or grinding?
What should be noted if there is any restriction of movement or abnormal signs and symptoms during the examination of the elbow joints?
What should be noted if there is any restriction of movement or abnormal signs and symptoms during the examination of the elbow joints?
What is the correct method for testing finger abduction?
What is the correct method for testing finger abduction?
Which position is recommended for passive movements if the patient does not have full active range of motion or the examiner has not applied overpressure to determine the end feel of the movement?
Which position is recommended for passive movements if the patient does not have full active range of motion or the examiner has not applied overpressure to determine the end feel of the movement?
Which type of movement is normally greater in the supine position compared to the active and passive range of motion in the sitting position?
Which type of movement is normally greater in the supine position compared to the active and passive range of motion in the sitting position?
Which movement restriction should be tested with overpressure in addition to active movements for the cervical spine?
Which movement restriction should be tested with overpressure in addition to active movements for the cervical spine?
What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?
What does pain in the lower extremities during passive flexion with overpressure indicate?
During passive movements of the cervical spine, the examiner can palpate between which two structures to feel the relative amount of movement on each side?
During passive movements of the cervical spine, the examiner can palpate between which two structures to feel the relative amount of movement on each side?
What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?
What should the examiner be careful about when applying overpressure to rotation or any combination of rotation, side flexion, and extension?
Which of the following statements about palpation of the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following statements about palpation of the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following statements about palpation of the occiput and C1 is correct?
Which of the following statements about palpation of the occiput and C1 is correct?
Which of the following statements about rotation at C1 to C2 is correct?
Which of the following statements about rotation at C1 to C2 is correct?
Which of the following statements about end feel in passive movements of the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following statements about end feel in passive movements of the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following statements about the flexion-rotation test is correct?
Which of the following statements about the flexion-rotation test is correct?
Which of the following statements about passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) is correct?
Which of the following statements about passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs) is correct?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing neck flexion (C1-C2 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing neck flexion (C1-C2 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing neck side flexion (C3 myotome and cranial nerve XI)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing shoulder abduction (C5 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing elbow flexion (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing wrist extension (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing wrist extension (C6 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing ulnar deviation (C8 myotome)?
Which of the following is the correct method for testing ulnar deviation (C8 myotome)?
Which of the following is true about the shoulder girdle during a tension test?
Which of the following is true about the shoulder girdle during a tension test?
Which nerve is stressed during elbow extension?
Which nerve is stressed during elbow extension?
Which nerve is stressed during wrist and finger extension?
Which nerve is stressed during wrist and finger extension?
When should the elbow position be performed during the tension test?
When should the elbow position be performed during the tension test?
What is the final movement sometimes referred to as during a tension test?
What is the final movement sometimes referred to as during a tension test?
Which test is used to determine the effect of increased pressure on the spinal cord?
Which test is used to determine the effect of increased pressure on the spinal cord?
Which of the following tests should always be performed, especially if treatment is to be given to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following tests should always be performed, especially if treatment is to be given to the upper cervical spine?
Which muscle function does the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test assess?
Which muscle function does the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test assess?
What is the purpose of using a pneumatic pressure device in the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test?
What is the purpose of using a pneumatic pressure device in the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the reliability of special tests in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the reliability of special tests in the cervical spine?
Where can the reader find information about the reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios of special tests used in the cervical spine?
Where can the reader find information about the reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios of special tests used in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a common reason for performing special tests in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a common reason for performing special tests in the cervical spine?
Which test is performed by lifting the patient's head, applying traction to the cervical spine, and checking for relief or decrease in pain?
Which test is performed by lifting the patient's head, applying traction to the cervical spine, and checking for relief or decrease in pain?
What is the purpose of the doorbell sign test?
What is the purpose of the doorbell sign test?
When is the foraminal compression (Spurling) test performed?
When is the foraminal compression (Spurling) test performed?
What does a positive result in the foraminal compression (Spurling) test indicate?
What does a positive result in the foraminal compression (Spurling) test indicate?
What is the purpose of the maximum cervical compression test?
What is the purpose of the maximum cervical compression test?
What does a positive result in the maximum cervical compression test indicate?
What does a positive result in the maximum cervical compression test indicate?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate cervical nerve root compression from shoulder lesions?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate cervical nerve root compression from shoulder lesions?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the sensitivity of nerve roots and peripheral nerves to movement and tension caused by the movement?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the sensitivity of nerve roots and peripheral nerves to movement and tension caused by the movement?
Which of the following is a sign of reduced endurance during the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test?
Which of the following is a sign of reduced endurance during the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test?
Which of the following is NOT a positive test result for the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test?
Which of the following is NOT a positive test result for the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test?
Which of the following is a positive test result for the Brachial Plexus Provocation Test?
Which of the following is a positive test result for the Brachial Plexus Provocation Test?
Which of the following is a positive test result for the Brachial Plexus Compression Test?
Which of the following is a positive test result for the Brachial Plexus Compression Test?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions by side flexing the patient's head and applying downward pressure on the opposite shoulder?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions by side flexing the patient's head and applying downward pressure on the opposite shoulder?
Which test is positive if pain radiates into the arm, indicating pressure on a nerve root?
Which test is positive if pain radiates into the arm, indicating pressure on a nerve root?
Which test is used to test for radicular symptoms and involves the patient actively elevating the arm through abduction so that the hand or forearm rests on top of the head?
Which test is used to test for radicular symptoms and involves the patient actively elevating the arm through abduction so that the hand or forearm rests on top of the head?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions by tapping the area of the brachial plexus with a finger along the nerve trunks?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions by tapping the area of the brachial plexus with a finger along the nerve trunks?
Which test is used to put stress on the neurological structures of the upper limb by stretching them, and is equivalent to the straight leg raising (SLR) test in the lumbar spine?
Which test is used to put stress on the neurological structures of the upper limb by stretching them, and is equivalent to the straight leg raising (SLR) test in the lumbar spine?
Which test is used to evaluate for irritation or compression of the nerve roots or foraminal encroachments, such as osteophytes in the area being compressed, or adhesions around the dural sleeves of the nerve and adjacent joint capsule?
Which test is used to evaluate for irritation or compression of the nerve roots or foraminal encroachments, such as osteophytes in the area being compressed, or adhesions around the dural sleeves of the nerve and adjacent joint capsule?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the function of the deep cervical flexor muscles?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the function of the deep cervical flexor muscles?
Which of the following statements about special tests in the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following statements about special tests in the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following is a reason for performing special tests in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a reason for performing special tests in the cervical spine?
Which of the following tests should always be performed if treatment is to be given to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following tests should always be performed if treatment is to be given to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following statements about the reliability of special tests in the cervical spine is correct?
Which of the following statements about the reliability of special tests in the cervical spine is correct?
Where can the reader find information about the reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios of special tests used in the cervical spine?
Where can the reader find information about the reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios of special tests used in the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate cervical nerve root compression from shoulder lesions?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate cervical nerve root compression from shoulder lesions?
Which muscle initiates the flexion movement of the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?
Which muscle initiates the flexion movement of the lower cervical spine if the deep neck flexors are weak?
What is the maximum range of motion for flexion in the lower cervical spine?
What is the maximum range of motion for flexion in the lower cervical spine?
Which of the following is a sign of reduced endurance during the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test?
Which of the following is a sign of reduced endurance during the Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test?
Which of the following is NOT a test for neurological symptoms?
Which of the following is NOT a test for neurological symptoms?
Which of the following is a test used to assess the sensitivity of nerve roots and peripheral nerves to movement and tension caused by the movement?
Which of the following is a test used to assess the sensitivity of nerve roots and peripheral nerves to movement and tension caused by the movement?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions?
What is the term for the test in which the examiner taps the area of the brachial plexus with a finger along the nerve trunks?
What is the term for the test in which the examiner taps the area of the brachial plexus with a finger along the nerve trunks?
Which test is used to test for radicular symptoms, especially those involving the C4 or C5 nerve roots?
Which test is used to test for radicular symptoms, especially those involving the C4 or C5 nerve roots?
Which test is used to evaluate for irritation or compression of the nerve roots or foraminal encroachments?
Which test is used to evaluate for irritation or compression of the nerve roots or foraminal encroachments?
Which test is used to put stress on the neurological structures of the upper limb by stretching them?
Which test is used to put stress on the neurological structures of the upper limb by stretching them?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions, plexopathies, and radiculopathies?
Which test is used to evaluate for brachial plexus lesions, plexopathies, and radiculopathies?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for performing tension tests on the cervical spine?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for performing tension tests on the cervical spine?
Which of the following positions is essential when performing a shoulder girdle scanning examination?
Which of the following positions is essential when performing a shoulder girdle scanning examination?
Which nerve is stressed when the elbow is extended during a tension test?
Which nerve is stressed when the elbow is extended during a tension test?
Which nerve is stressed when the wrist and fingers are extended during a tension test?
Which nerve is stressed when the wrist and fingers are extended during a tension test?
Which of the following movements is typically performed last during a tension test on the cervical spine?
Which of the following movements is typically performed last during a tension test on the cervical spine?
Which of the following is a modification of the ULNT4 test?
Which of the following is a modification of the ULNT4 test?
Which test is used to check radicular signs referred to the shoulder complex anteriorly or posteriorly?
Which test is used to check radicular signs referred to the shoulder complex anteriorly or posteriorly?
What is the purpose of the distraction test?
What is the purpose of the distraction test?
Which test is performed if the patient has complained of nerve root symptoms, which at the time of examination are diminished or absent?
Which test is performed if the patient has complained of nerve root symptoms, which at the time of examination are diminished or absent?
What is the purpose of the Foraminal Compression (Spurling) Test?
What is the purpose of the Foraminal Compression (Spurling) Test?
Which test involves compression with the head in neutral, extension, and extension with rotation to the unaffected side?
Which test involves compression with the head in neutral, extension, and extension with rotation to the unaffected side?
What is the purpose of the Foraminal Compression (Spurling) Test?
What is the purpose of the Foraminal Compression (Spurling) Test?
Which test is used to differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by articular problems from that caused by vascular problems?
Which test is used to differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by articular problems from that caused by vascular problems?
What is the purpose of performing the vertebral artery tests in cervical spine assessment?
What is the purpose of performing the vertebral artery tests in cervical spine assessment?
Which position is recommended for performing the vertebral artery tests?
Which position is recommended for performing the vertebral artery tests?
Which movement of the cervical spine should be performed along with active movements to get a true impression of end feel?
Which movement of the cervical spine should be performed along with active movements to get a true impression of end feel?
What is a common symptom associated with cervical arterial dissection?
What is a common symptom associated with cervical arterial dissection?
How long should the patient hold a specific position during provocative positional testing?
How long should the patient hold a specific position during provocative positional testing?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
Which test is used to determine instability of the atlanto-axial articulation caused by odontoid dysplasia?
Which test is used to determine instability of the atlanto-axial articulation caused by odontoid dysplasia?
Which test is used to assess the function of the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
Which test is used to assess the function of the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
Which test is used to assess for cervical instability resulting from ligament damage, bone or joint damage, or weak muscles?
Which test is used to assess for cervical instability resulting from ligament damage, bone or joint damage, or weak muscles?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the vertebral arteries and the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the vertebral arteries and the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
Which test is used to rule out instability in the cervical spine before performing mobilization or manipulation techniques?
Which test is used to rule out instability in the cervical spine before performing mobilization or manipulation techniques?
Which test is used to assess for cervical myelopathy by evaluating grip and release speed?
Which test is used to assess for cervical myelopathy by evaluating grip and release speed?
Which test is used to assess for spinal cord involvement and possible upper motor neuron lesion?
Which test is used to assess for spinal cord involvement and possible upper motor neuron lesion?
Which test is used to assess for an upper motor neuron lesion by evaluating balance and sway?
Which test is used to assess for an upper motor neuron lesion by evaluating balance and sway?
Which test involves passive flexion of the patient's head and one hip to assess for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which test involves passive flexion of the patient's head and one hip to assess for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which reflexes may indicate a cervical myelopathy when they are positive?
Which reflexes may indicate a cervical myelopathy when they are positive?
Which test is used to assess for cervical myelopathy by evaluating grip and release speed over 10 seconds?
Which test is used to assess for cervical myelopathy by evaluating grip and release speed over 10 seconds?
What is the purpose of the Vertebral Artery (Cervical Quadrant) Test?
What is the purpose of the Vertebral Artery (Cervical Quadrant) Test?
What is the purpose of the Underburg’s Test?
What is the purpose of the Underburg’s Test?
What is the purpose of the Dizziness Test?
What is the purpose of the Dizziness Test?
What is the purpose of the Static Vertebral Artery Tests?
What is the purpose of the Static Vertebral Artery Tests?
What is the purpose of the DeKleyn-Nieuwenhuyse test?
What is the purpose of the DeKleyn-Nieuwenhuyse test?
What is the purpose of the examiner compressing the veins and asking the patient to cough?
What is the purpose of the examiner compressing the veins and asking the patient to cough?
Which test assesses the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test assesses the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which ligament is primarily assessed in the Rotational Alar Ligament Stress Test?
Which ligament is primarily assessed in the Rotational Alar Ligament Stress Test?
Which test is used to test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which test is used to test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which ligament is tested in the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
Which ligament is tested in the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
What is a positive test result in the Sharp-Purser Test indicative of?
What is a positive test result in the Sharp-Purser Test indicative of?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by joint problems from that caused by vascular problems?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by joint problems from that caused by vascular problems?
What is the purpose of the Barré Test?
What is the purpose of the Barré Test?
Which artery is especially vulnerable to injury as it transitions from its protective area in the foramen transversarium within the cervical spine transverse processes?
Which artery is especially vulnerable to injury as it transitions from its protective area in the foramen transversarium within the cervical spine transverse processes?
What is the recommended position for performing the vertebral artery tests?
What is the recommended position for performing the vertebral artery tests?
What is a positive test result in the Grip and Release Test indicative of?
What is a positive test result in the Grip and Release Test indicative of?
What does a positive Lhermitte Sign test indicate?
What does a positive Lhermitte Sign test indicate?
What does a positive Romberg Test indicate?
What does a positive Romberg Test indicate?
Which of the following reflexes may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following reflexes may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which test is used to evaluate the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
Which test is used to evaluate the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
What is a positive sign during the Anterior Shear or Sagittal Stress Test, especially when the upper cervical spine is tested?
What is a positive sign during the Anterior Shear or Sagittal Stress Test, especially when the upper cervical spine is tested?
What is the purpose of the Temperature (Caloric) Test?
What is the purpose of the Temperature (Caloric) Test?
Which movement is considered a positive Barré-Lieou sign if it causes symptoms?
Which movement is considered a positive Barré-Lieou sign if it causes symptoms?
What does a positive Temperature (Caloric) Test indicate?
What does a positive Temperature (Caloric) Test indicate?
Which test is used to evaluate the vertebral arteries progressively from the lower cervical spine to the upper cervical spine?
Which test is used to evaluate the vertebral arteries progressively from the lower cervical spine to the upper cervical spine?
Which test is considered positive if there is dropping of the arms, loss of balance, or pronation of the hands?
Which test is considered positive if there is dropping of the arms, loss of balance, or pronation of the hands?
Which movement is more likely to test the vertebral artery?
Which movement is more likely to test the vertebral artery?
Which test is used to assess the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test is used to assess the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
What is a positive result in the Sharp-Purser Test indicative of?
What is a positive result in the Sharp-Purser Test indicative of?
What is the purpose of the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
What is the purpose of the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which of the following may indicate instability in the cervical spine?
Which of the following may indicate instability in the cervical spine?
Which test is used to evaluate the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
Which test is used to evaluate the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
Which of the following may indicate inner ear problems?
Which of the following may indicate inner ear problems?
Which arteries may be affected if the patient experiences dizziness when rotating the shoulders?
Which arteries may be affected if the patient experiences dizziness when rotating the shoulders?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of cervical spine instability?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of cervical spine instability?
Which test is used to determine instability of the atlanto-axial articulation caused by odontoid dysplasia?
Which test is used to determine instability of the atlanto-axial articulation caused by odontoid dysplasia?
Which artery is especially vulnerable to injury as it transitions from its protective area in the foramen transversarium within the cervical spine transverse processes?
Which artery is especially vulnerable to injury as it transitions from its protective area in the foramen transversarium within the cervical spine transverse processes?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency?
When performing vertebral artery tests, it is recommended to hold the patient in the position where the treatment will be given for at least how many seconds?
When performing vertebral artery tests, it is recommended to hold the patient in the position where the treatment will be given for at least how many seconds?
Which test is used to assess dizziness or vertigo caused by vascular problems?
Which test is used to assess dizziness or vertigo caused by vascular problems?
Which test is considered positive if one arm slowly falls with simultaneous forearm pronation?
Which test is considered positive if one arm slowly falls with simultaneous forearm pronation?
Which position is recommended for performing vertebral artery tests to make them more effective?
Which position is recommended for performing vertebral artery tests to make them more effective?
Which of the following is a test used to evaluate the vertebral artery by progressively moving from the lower cervical spine to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following is a test used to evaluate the vertebral artery by progressively moving from the lower cervical spine to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following tests is used to assess nerve root compression in the lower cervical spine?
Which of the following tests is used to assess nerve root compression in the lower cervical spine?
Which of the following tests involves extension and rotation of the neck to assess the vertebral arteries?
Which of the following tests involves extension and rotation of the neck to assess the vertebral arteries?
Which of the following tests is considered positive if there is dropping of the arms, loss of balance, or pronation of the hands?
Which of the following tests is considered positive if there is dropping of the arms, loss of balance, or pronation of the hands?
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate dizziness or vertigo caused by joint problems?
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate dizziness or vertigo caused by joint problems?
Which of the following tests involves passive rotation of the patient's head while the shoulders remain stationary?
Which of the following tests involves passive rotation of the patient's head while the shoulders remain stationary?
Which test is used to assess for cervical myelopathy by evaluating grip and release performance over a 10-second period?
Which test is used to assess for cervical myelopathy by evaluating grip and release performance over a 10-second period?
What is a positive finding on the Grip and Release Test that may indicate cervical myelopathy?
What is a positive finding on the Grip and Release Test that may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which test is used to assess for spinal cord involvement and possible upper motor neuron lesion by inducing a sharp, electric shock-like pain down the spine and into the upper or lower limbs?
Which test is used to assess for spinal cord involvement and possible upper motor neuron lesion by inducing a sharp, electric shock-like pain down the spine and into the upper or lower limbs?
What is a positive finding on the Lhermitte Sign that may indicate dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
What is a positive finding on the Lhermitte Sign that may indicate dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which test is used to assess for an upper motor neuron lesion by evaluating balance and body sway with closed eyes?
Which test is used to assess for an upper motor neuron lesion by evaluating balance and body sway with closed eyes?
What is a positive finding on the Romberg Test that may indicate an upper motor neuron lesion?
What is a positive finding on the Romberg Test that may indicate an upper motor neuron lesion?
Which test assesses the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test assesses the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
What is a positive result for the Rotational Alar Ligament Stress Test indicative of?
What is a positive result for the Rotational Alar Ligament Stress Test indicative of?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
What is the purpose of the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
What is the purpose of the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
What is a positive result for the Sharp-Purser Test indicative of?
What is a positive result for the Sharp-Purser Test indicative of?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which test is used to evaluate for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which test is used to evaluate for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
What is a positive result in the Grip and Release Test indicative of?
What is a positive result in the Grip and Release Test indicative of?
What does a positive Romberg Test indicate?
What does a positive Romberg Test indicate?
Which test is similar to a combination of the Brudzinski test and the SLR test?
Which test is similar to a combination of the Brudzinski test and the SLR test?
What is a positive result in the Soto-Hall Test indicative of?
What is a positive result in the Soto-Hall Test indicative of?
Which reflexes may indicate a cervical myelopathy?
Which reflexes may indicate a cervical myelopathy?
Which test is used to assess for instability in the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
Which test is used to assess for instability in the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of the cervical spine?
What is a positive test result in the Anterior Shear or Sagittal Stress Test indicative of?
What is a positive test result in the Anterior Shear or Sagittal Stress Test indicative of?
Which test is used to assess for instability of the atlanto-axial articulation caused by odontoid dysplasia?
Which test is used to assess for instability of the atlanto-axial articulation caused by odontoid dysplasia?
What is a positive test result in the Lateral (Transverse) Shear Test indicative of?
What is a positive test result in the Lateral (Transverse) Shear Test indicative of?
What is the purpose of the Temperature (Caloric) Test?
What is the purpose of the Temperature (Caloric) Test?
What is a positive test result in the Temperature (Caloric) Test indicative of?
What is a positive test result in the Temperature (Caloric) Test indicative of?
Which of the following tests should be terminated if the patient experiences light-headedness or similar symptoms?
Which of the following tests should be terminated if the patient experiences light-headedness or similar symptoms?
Which of the following positions is considered to be the most provocative in testing the vertebral artery?
Which of the following positions is considered to be the most provocative in testing the vertebral artery?
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate the vertebral artery and progressively moves from the lower cervical spine to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following tests is used to evaluate the vertebral artery and progressively moves from the lower cervical spine to the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following tests is considered positive if the patient experiences dropping of the arms, loss of balance, or pronation of the hands?
Which of the following tests is considered positive if the patient experiences dropping of the arms, loss of balance, or pronation of the hands?
Which of the following movements should be performed if symptoms occur with the first test during the passive movements testing?
Which of the following movements should be performed if symptoms occur with the first test during the passive movements testing?
Which of the following tests is used to assess nerve root compression in the lower cervical spine?
Which of the following tests is used to assess nerve root compression in the lower cervical spine?
Which test assesses the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test assesses the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test is indicative of injury to the contralateral alar ligament?
Which test is indicative of injury to the contralateral alar ligament?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which test is used to test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which test is used to test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which test is recommended if the Sharp-Purser test is negative?
Which test is recommended if the Sharp-Purser test is negative?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which test is used to assess dizziness or vertigo caused by vascular problems?
Which test is used to assess dizziness or vertigo caused by vascular problems?
What is the purpose of vertebral and internal carotid artery testing during cervical spine assessment?
What is the purpose of vertebral and internal carotid artery testing during cervical spine assessment?
Which position is recommended for performing vertebral artery tests?
Which position is recommended for performing vertebral artery tests?
What is the cause of a positive Barré Test?
What is the cause of a positive Barré Test?
Why should the patient be tested in the position in which the treatment will be given during vertebral artery testing?
Why should the patient be tested in the position in which the treatment will be given during vertebral artery testing?
What is the purpose of the Australian Physiotherapy Association’s protocol for pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine?
What is the purpose of the Australian Physiotherapy Association’s protocol for pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine?
Which test is used to evaluate the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which test is used to evaluate the stability between the occiput and atlas in the posterior part of the neck?
Which ligament maintains the position of the odontoid process relative to C1?
Which ligament maintains the position of the odontoid process relative to C1?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which test is used to determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis?
Which test is used to test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which test is used to test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the vertebral arteries and the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
Which test is used to assess the integrity of the vertebral arteries and the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
Which test is used to test for hypomobility in the middle cervical spine?
What is a positive sign in the Anterior Shear or Sagittal Stress Test?
What is a positive sign in the Anterior Shear or Sagittal Stress Test?
Which test is used to evaluate for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which test is used to evaluate for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which ligament is tested in the Lateral Flexion Alar Ligament Stress Test?
Which ligament is tested in the Lateral Flexion Alar Ligament Stress Test?
What is the purpose of the Lateral (Transverse) Shear Test?
What is the purpose of the Lateral (Transverse) Shear Test?
What is a positive sign in the Lateral Flexion Alar Ligament Stress Test?
What is a positive sign in the Lateral Flexion Alar Ligament Stress Test?
What is a positive sign in the Lateral (Transverse) Shear Test?
What is a positive sign in the Lateral (Transverse) Shear Test?
What is the purpose of the Grip and Release Test (10-Second Test)?
What is the purpose of the Grip and Release Test (10-Second Test)?
What does a positive Lhermitte Sign indicate?
What does a positive Lhermitte Sign indicate?
What does a positive Romberg Test indicate?
What does a positive Romberg Test indicate?
What are positive pathological reflexes indicative of?
What are positive pathological reflexes indicative of?
What is the purpose of the Soto-Hall test?
What is the purpose of the Soto-Hall test?
What is a positive Coughing or sneezing test indicative of?
What is a positive Coughing or sneezing test indicative of?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by joint problems from that caused by vascular problems?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by joint problems from that caused by vascular problems?
Which of the following tests involves the patient standing with the shoulders forward flexed to 90°, elbows straight and forearms supinated, palms up and eyes closed, holding the position for 10 to 20 seconds?
Which of the following tests involves the patient standing with the shoulders forward flexed to 90°, elbows straight and forearms supinated, palms up and eyes closed, holding the position for 10 to 20 seconds?
Which of the following tests involves the patient sitting and forward flexing both arms to 90°, and then rotating or extending and rotating the neck while the eyes are closed?
Which of the following tests involves the patient sitting and forward flexing both arms to 90°, and then rotating or extending and rotating the neck while the eyes are closed?
Which of the following tests involves the examiner standing behind the patient with fingers over the patient’s jugular veins?
Which of the following tests involves the examiner standing behind the patient with fingers over the patient’s jugular veins?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the vertebral arteries by testing the upper cervical spine and the rest of the cervical spine?
Which of the following tests is used to assess the vertebral arteries by testing the upper cervical spine and the rest of the cervical spine?
Which of the following tests should be performed in the position in which the treatment will be given and held for at least 10 to 30 seconds, especially if the technique is an end-range technique or involves the upper cervical spine?
Which of the following tests should be performed in the position in which the treatment will be given and held for at least 10 to 30 seconds, especially if the technique is an end-range technique or involves the upper cervical spine?
What is the purpose of the Underburg's Test?
What is the purpose of the Underburg's Test?
What is the purpose of the Vertebral Artery (Cervical Quadrant) Test?
What is the purpose of the Vertebral Artery (Cervical Quadrant) Test?
What is the purpose of the DeKleyn-Nieuwenhuyse test?
What is the purpose of the DeKleyn-Nieuwenhuyse test?
What is the purpose of the Dizziness Test?
What is the purpose of the Dizziness Test?
What is the purpose of the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
What is the purpose of the Aspinall transverse ligament test?
What is the purpose of the Static Vertebral Artery Tests?
What is the purpose of the Static Vertebral Artery Tests?
Which ligament is normally responsible for resisting anterior shear at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which ligament is normally responsible for resisting anterior shear at the atlanto-axial articulation?
What are positive symptoms that may occur during the test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
What are positive symptoms that may occur during the test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
How should the cervical spine be positioned during the Cervical Flexion Rotation Test?
How should the cervical spine be positioned during the Cervical Flexion Rotation Test?
Which movement restriction should be tested with overpressure in addition to active movements for the cervical spine?
Which movement restriction should be tested with overpressure in addition to active movements for the cervical spine?
Which muscle function does the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test assess?
Which muscle function does the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test assess?
During flexion of the upper cervical spine, the intervertebral foramen is _______ on flexion than on extension.
During flexion of the upper cervical spine, the intervertebral foramen is _______ on flexion than on extension.
What is the purpose of performing the vertebral artery tests in cervical spine assessment?
What is the purpose of performing the vertebral artery tests in cervical spine assessment?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate cervical myelopathy?
Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following movements is considered positive for pain and dysfunction arising from the C1-C2 segment in cervicogenic headaches?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate cervical nerve root compression from shoulder lesions?
Which of the following is a test used to differentiate cervical nerve root compression from shoulder lesions?
Which ligament is responsible for resisting anterior shear at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which ligament is responsible for resisting anterior shear at the atlanto-axial articulation?
What are positive symptoms that may occur during the test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
What are positive symptoms that may occur during the test for hypermobility at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which movement of the cervical spine should be performed along with active movements to get a true impression of end feel?
Which movement of the cervical spine should be performed along with active movements to get a true impression of end feel?
Which test is used to determine the mobility of the upper cervical spine (C1-C2) and to determine if it is the cause of a cervicogenic headache?
Which test is used to determine the mobility of the upper cervical spine (C1-C2) and to determine if it is the cause of a cervicogenic headache?
Which test involves passive flexion of the patient's head and one hip to assess for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
Which test involves passive flexion of the patient's head and one hip to assess for dural or meningeal irritation in the spine or possible cervical myelopathy?
During the Pettman's Distraction Test, the patient lies supine with the head in neutral position. The examiner applies gentle traction to the head. If the patient complains of symptoms, such as pain or paresthesia in the second position, what does it indicate?
During the Pettman's Distraction Test, the patient lies supine with the head in neutral position. The examiner applies gentle traction to the head. If the patient complains of symptoms, such as pain or paresthesia in the second position, what does it indicate?
What is the purpose of testing for first rib mobility when examining the cervical spine?
What is the purpose of testing for first rib mobility when examining the cervical spine?
During the first test for first rib mobility, the patient lies supine while fully supported. The examiner palpates the first rib bilaterally lateral to T1 and places his or her fingers along the path of the patient’s ribs just posterior to the clavicles. What should the examiner note during this test?
During the first test for first rib mobility, the patient lies supine while fully supported. The examiner palpates the first rib bilaterally lateral to T1 and places his or her fingers along the path of the patient’s ribs just posterior to the clavicles. What should the examiner note during this test?
During the second test for first rib mobility, the patient lies prone. The examiner palpates the first rib and pushes it caudally, noting the amount of movement, end feel, and presence of pain. What is the purpose of this test?
During the second test for first rib mobility, the patient lies prone. The examiner palpates the first rib and pushes it caudally, noting the amount of movement, end feel, and presence of pain. What is the purpose of this test?
What may indicate a cervicogenic cause of restricted range of motion to one side, in addition to a headache?
What may indicate a cervicogenic cause of restricted range of motion to one side, in addition to a headache?
Which ligament is responsible for resisting anterior shear at the atlanto-axial articulation?
Which ligament is responsible for resisting anterior shear at the atlanto-axial articulation?
What is a positive result for the Transverse Ligament Stress Test indicative of?
What is a positive result for the Transverse Ligament Stress Test indicative of?
What is the cause of a positive Cervical Flexion Rotation Test?
What is the cause of a positive Cervical Flexion Rotation Test?
What may indicate a cervicogenic cause of restricted range of motion to one side, in addition to a headache?
What may indicate a cervicogenic cause of restricted range of motion to one side, in addition to a headache?
What can abnormalities in one area frequently affect?
What can abnormalities in one area frequently affect?
Which of the following is a test used to assess the tectorial membrane?
Which of the following is a test used to assess the tectorial membrane?
What is the purpose of testing first rib mobility when examining the cervical spine?
What is the purpose of testing first rib mobility when examining the cervical spine?
Which test is used to assess the movement of the first rib during deep breathing?
Which test is used to assess the movement of the first rib during deep breathing?
What is a positive result for the First Rib Mobility Test indicative of?
What is a positive result for the First Rib Mobility Test indicative of?
What is the correct method for testing the movement of the first rib in the prone position?
What is the correct method for testing the movement of the first rib in the prone position?
Which reflex is the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski test?
Which reflex is the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski test?
What is the inverted supinator sign also known as?
What is the inverted supinator sign also known as?
Which test is used to assess for clonus?
Which test is used to assess for clonus?
Which muscles are primarily affected in Erb-Duchenne Paralysis?
Which muscles are primarily affected in Erb-Duchenne Paralysis?
Which muscles are primarily affected in Klumpke Paralysis?
Which muscles are primarily affected in Klumpke Paralysis?
What is the most common symptom associated with brachial plexus birth palsy?
What is the most common symptom associated with brachial plexus birth palsy?
Which reflex should be checked for differences between the two sides to assess the cervical spine?
Which reflex should be checked for differences between the two sides to assess the cervical spine?
What does a normal (negative) jaw jerk combined with positive (exaggerated) tendon reflexes in the upper limb suggest?
What does a normal (negative) jaw jerk combined with positive (exaggerated) tendon reflexes in the upper limb suggest?
How are the biceps and jaw jerk reflexes tested?
How are the biceps and jaw jerk reflexes tested?
Which reflexes are tested by directly tapping the tendon or muscle?
Which reflexes are tested by directly tapping the tendon or muscle?
When should each of the cranial nerves be tested?
When should each of the cranial nerves be tested?
Which reflex should be tested with a tongue depressor?
Which reflex should be tested with a tongue depressor?
Which of the following is the most common position for palpation of the posterior structures of the neck?
Which of the following is the most common position for palpation of the posterior structures of the neck?
Which structure is the most obvious point on the external occipital protuberance?
Which structure is the most obvious point on the external occipital protuberance?
Which spinous processes are the most obvious when palpating the occiput of the skull and descending in the midline?
Which spinous processes are the most obvious when palpating the occiput of the skull and descending in the midline?
How can the examiner differentiate between the C6 and C7 spinous processes?
How can the examiner differentiate between the C6 and C7 spinous processes?
Where are the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae usually palpated?
Where are the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae usually palpated?
Which structure can be palpated by following the posterior aspect of the ear?
Which structure can be palpated by following the posterior aspect of the ear?
Which term is used to describe the joint play movements carried out in the cervical spine?
Which term is used to describe the joint play movements carried out in the cervical spine?
Which movement involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which movement involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which movement involves the examiner holding the patient's head with one hand around the occiput and one hand around the chin, and drawing the head forward in the same plane as the shoulders?
Which movement involves the examiner holding the patient's head with one hand around the occiput and one hand around the chin, and drawing the head forward in the same plane as the shoulders?
Which movement involves the examiner placing one hand around the patient's chin and the other hand on the occiput, and applying traction in a straight longitudinal direction?
Which movement involves the examiner placing one hand around the patient's chin and the other hand on the occiput, and applying traction in a straight longitudinal direction?
Which movement involves the examiner palpating the spinous processes of the cervical spine and applying pressure through the thumbs to push the vertebra forward?
Which movement involves the examiner palpating the spinous processes of the cervical spine and applying pressure through the thumbs to push the vertebra forward?
Which technique is specific to each vertebra and is applied to each vertebra in turn to determine the quality of movement and the end feel?
Which technique is specific to each vertebra and is applied to each vertebra in turn to determine the quality of movement and the end feel?
During flexion, the space between the mastoid and the transverse processes ________.
During flexion, the space between the mastoid and the transverse processes ________.
The lymph nodes are palpable only if ________.
The lymph nodes are palpable only if ________.
The carotid pulse may be palpated in the midportion of the neck, between ________.
The carotid pulse may be palpated in the midportion of the neck, between ________.
The TMJ may be palpated anterior to ________.
The TMJ may be palpated anterior to ________.
The angle of the mandible is at the level of ________.
The angle of the mandible is at the level of ________.
The hyoid bone may be palpated as part of the superior part of the trachea above ________.
The hyoid bone may be palpated as part of the superior part of the trachea above ________.
Which of the following is a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limb?
Which of the following is a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limb?
What is the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski test?
What is the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski test?
Which test involves the examiner flicking the distal phalanx of the patient's middle finger?
Which test involves the examiner flicking the distal phalanx of the patient's middle finger?
Which test involves the examiner rapidly tapping near the styloid process at the wrist?
Which test involves the examiner rapidly tapping near the styloid process at the wrist?
During flexion, the space between the mastoid and the transverse processes
During flexion, the space between the mastoid and the transverse processes
Where are the lymph nodes palpable?
Where are the lymph nodes palpable?
Where can the carotid pulse be palpated?
Where can the carotid pulse be palpated?
Where is the TMJ palpated?
Where is the TMJ palpated?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head with one hand around the occiput and one hand around the chin, and drawing the head forward in the same plane as the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head with one hand around the occiput and one hand around the chin, and drawing the head forward in the same plane as the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner placing one hand around the patient's chin and the other hand on the occiput, and applying traction in a straight longitudinal direction?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner placing one hand around the patient's chin and the other hand on the occiput, and applying traction in a straight longitudinal direction?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner palpating the spinous processes of the cervical spine and applying pressure through the thumbs to push the vertebra forward?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner palpating the spinous processes of the cervical spine and applying pressure through the thumbs to push the vertebra forward?
Which of the following reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides during neurological assessment of the cervical spine?
Which of the following reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides during neurological assessment of the cervical spine?
Which reflex, combined with positive tendon reflexes in the upper limb, suggests that the lesion is below the foramen magnum?
Which reflex, combined with positive tendon reflexes in the upper limb, suggests that the lesion is below the foramen magnum?
Which reflexes are tested by directly tapping the tendon or muscle?
Which reflexes are tested by directly tapping the tendon or muscle?
Which cranial nerves should be tested if the examiner suspects involvement of the cranial nerves?
Which cranial nerves should be tested if the examiner suspects involvement of the cranial nerves?
Which of the following is the most appropriate position for the patient during palpation of the posterior structures of the neck?
Which of the following is the most appropriate position for the patient during palpation of the posterior structures of the neck?
Which of the following structures can be palpated to determine relative movement between the cervical vertebrae?
Which of the following structures can be palpated to determine relative movement between the cervical vertebrae?
Which of the following is the easiest to palpate when examining the lateral aspect of the neck?
Which of the following is the easiest to palpate when examining the lateral aspect of the neck?
Which of the following structures can be palpated if the musculature is sufficiently relaxed?
Which of the following structures can be palpated if the musculature is sufficiently relaxed?
Which structure lies anterior to the C2-C3 vertebrae?
Which structure lies anterior to the C2-C3 vertebrae?
During side flexion of the cervical spine, which structure should move toward the shoulder?
During side flexion of the cervical spine, which structure should move toward the shoulder?
Which structure lies over the angle of the mandible?
Which structure lies over the angle of the mandible?
Which structure lies above the site for an emergency tracheostomy?
Which structure lies above the site for an emergency tracheostomy?
Which structure may be palpated anterior to the external ear?
Which structure may be palpated anterior to the external ear?
Which structure lies along the line of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Which structure lies along the line of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Which of the following reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides during a neurological assessment of the cervical spine?
Which of the following reflexes should be checked for differences between the two sides during a neurological assessment of the cervical spine?
Which reflex is tested by placing the thumb over the patient’s biceps tendon and tapping the thumbnail with a reflex hammer?
Which reflex is tested by placing the thumb over the patient’s biceps tendon and tapping the thumbnail with a reflex hammer?
What does a normal (negative) jaw jerk combined with positive (exaggerated) tendon reflexes in the upper limb suggest?
What does a normal (negative) jaw jerk combined with positive (exaggerated) tendon reflexes in the upper limb suggest?
How is the brachioradialis reflex tested?
How is the brachioradialis reflex tested?
How is the triceps reflex tested?
How is the triceps reflex tested?
Which cranial nerves should be tested if the examiner suspects involvement of the cranial nerves?
Which cranial nerves should be tested if the examiner suspects involvement of the cranial nerves?
Which reflex is the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski test?
Which reflex is the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski test?
What is the inverted supinator sign also called?
What is the inverted supinator sign also called?
Which test is used to assess upper motor neuron lesions?
Which test is used to assess upper motor neuron lesions?
What is the most common experience in lesions of the cervical spine?
What is the most common experience in lesions of the cervical spine?
What muscles are primarily affected in Erb-Duchenne Paralysis?
What muscles are primarily affected in Erb-Duchenne Paralysis?
What is the most common type of brachial plexus injury in infants?
What is the most common type of brachial plexus injury in infants?
Which of the following structures is palpated on the posterior midline of the occiput?
Which of the following structures is palpated on the posterior midline of the occiput?
Which of the following spinous processes is palpated as the first bump when descending in the midline from the occiput of the skull?
Which of the following spinous processes is palpated as the first bump when descending in the midline from the occiput of the skull?
How can the examiner differentiate between C6 and C7 spinous processes?
How can the examiner differentiate between C6 and C7 spinous processes?
Where are the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae palpated?
Where are the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae palpated?
Which of the following structures is palpated if the examiner follows the posterior aspect of the ear and feels a point on the skull where the finger dips inward?
Which of the following structures is palpated if the examiner follows the posterior aspect of the ear and feels a point on the skull where the finger dips inward?
Which of the following structures are palpated on the lateral aspect of the neck?
Which of the following structures are palpated on the lateral aspect of the neck?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head with one hand around the occiput and one hand around the chin, and drawing the head forward in the same plane as the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head with one hand around the occiput and one hand around the chin, and drawing the head forward in the same plane as the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner placing one hand around the patient's chin and the other hand on the occiput, and applying traction in a straight longitudinal direction?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner placing one hand around the patient's chin and the other hand on the occiput, and applying traction in a straight longitudinal direction?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner palpating the spinous processes of the cervical spine and applying pressure through the thumbs pushing carefully from the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner palpating the spinous processes of the cervical spine and applying pressure through the thumbs pushing carefully from the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements are sometimes called passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs) and are specific to each vertebra?
Which of the following joint play movements are sometimes called passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs) and are specific to each vertebra?
Which of the following joint play movements involve the patient lying prone with the forehead resting on the back of the hands, and the examiner applying pressure through the thumbs pushing carefully from the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involve the patient lying prone with the forehead resting on the back of the hands, and the examiner applying pressure through the thumbs pushing carefully from the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
Which of the following joint play movements involves the examiner holding the patient's head and moving it from side to side, keeping the head parallel to the shoulders?
What is the purpose of the traction glide joint play movement?
What is the purpose of the traction glide joint play movement?
Which joint play movements are sometimes called passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs)?
Which joint play movements are sometimes called passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs)?
During the vertebral pressures joint play movements, the examiner palpates the spinous processes of the cervical spine starting at the C2 spinous process and working downward to the T2 spinous process. True or False?
During the vertebral pressures joint play movements, the examiner palpates the spinous processes of the cervical spine starting at the C2 spinous process and working downward to the T2 spinous process. True or False?
Which joint play movement involves the examiner applying pressure through the thumbs pushing carefully from the shoulders, and pushing the vertebra forward?
Which joint play movement involves the examiner applying pressure through the thumbs pushing carefully from the shoulders, and pushing the vertebra forward?
What would indicate hypomobility during the vertebral pressures joint play movements?
What would indicate hypomobility during the vertebral pressures joint play movements?
Which of the following structures is palpated anterior to the C2-C3 vertebrae?
Which of the following structures is palpated anterior to the C2-C3 vertebrae?
Where is the carotid pulse palpated?
Where is the carotid pulse palpated?
Which of the following is true about the TMJ?
Which of the following is true about the TMJ?
What is the first part of the trachea?
What is the first part of the trachea?
Where are the paranasal sinuses palpated?
Where are the paranasal sinuses palpated?
What is the purpose of palpating the supraclavicular fossa?
What is the purpose of palpating the supraclavicular fossa?
Which reflex should be checked for differences between the two sides in the cervical spine?
Which reflex should be checked for differences between the two sides in the cervical spine?
What does a normal (negative) jaw jerk combined with positive (exaggerated) tendon reflexes in the upper limb suggest?
What does a normal (negative) jaw jerk combined with positive (exaggerated) tendon reflexes in the upper limb suggest?
How are the biceps and jaw jerk reflexes tested?
How are the biceps and jaw jerk reflexes tested?
How are the brachioradialis and triceps reflexes tested?
How are the brachioradialis and triceps reflexes tested?
When should each of the cranial nerves be tested?
When should each of the cranial nerves be tested?
What are the reflexes tested with?
What are the reflexes tested with?
Which of the following is a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limb?
Which of the following is a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limb?
Which muscles are primarily affected in Erb-Duchenne Paralysis?
Which muscles are primarily affected in Erb-Duchenne Paralysis?
Which nerve roots are involved in Klumpke (Dejerine-Klumpke) Paralysis?
Which nerve roots are involved in Klumpke (Dejerine-Klumpke) Paralysis?
What is the most common cause of brachial plexus injuries in infants?
What is the most common cause of brachial plexus injuries in infants?
What is the release phenomenon in brachial plexus injuries?
What is the release phenomenon in brachial plexus injuries?
Which muscles of the cervical spine are responsible for referral of pain?
Which muscles of the cervical spine are responsible for referral of pain?
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for palpating the posterior structures of the neck?
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for palpating the posterior structures of the neck?
Which of the following is the most accurate way to differentiate between the spinous processes of C6 and C7?
Which of the following is the most accurate way to differentiate between the spinous processes of C6 and C7?
What is the most common way to palpate the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae?
What is the most common way to palpate the facet joints of the cervical vertebrae?
Which of the following structures is palpated below and behind the earlobe?
Which of the following structures is palpated below and behind the earlobe?
Which of the following is the most accurate way to palpate the transverse processes of C1?
Which of the following is the most accurate way to palpate the transverse processes of C1?
Which of the following structures is palpated in the midline of the occiput?
Which of the following structures is palpated in the midline of the occiput?
Study Notes
Overview of Cervical Spine Anatomy and Pathology
- The cervical spine can be affected by osteophyte formation, facet joint injury, and vascular risk factors.
- The vertebral and internal carotid arteries can be stressed by certain movements, leading to decreased blood flow.
- Injury to the vertebral artery can cause symptoms such as vertigo, balance deficits, arm paresthesia, and even stroke or death.
- Pathology in the lower cervical spine can result in neck pain, arm pain, headaches, restricted range of motion, and radicular signs.
- The cervical spine has 14 facet joints, which allow for flexion, extension, and coupled movement.
- The facet joints are synovial joints and can degenerate, particularly in the C5 to C7 levels.
- The cervical spine is supported by ligaments such as the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.
- The uncinate joints or joints of Luschka limit side flexion in the cervical spine.
- The intervertebral discs make up 25% of the height of the cervical spine and provide its lordotic shape.
- The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae, with the body of each vertebra supporting the weight of those above it.
- The cervical spine has eight cervical nerve roots, with the C1 nerve root exiting between the occiput and C1.
- Patient history should include information on age, signs and symptoms, severity and location of symptoms, and risk factors for recovery.
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Description
Quiz: Understanding the Function and Structure of Transverse Processes in the Cervical Spine Test your knowledge on the function and structure of transverse processes in the cervical spine. Learn about the different parts and their roles, including the anterior portion and the posterior portion with articular facets. Explore the relationship between spinous processes and facet joints. Take this quiz to enhance your understanding of the cervical spine!
