Cervical Lymphadenitis in Children Overview

Which of the following pathogens is most commonly associated with acute, unilateral cervical lymphadenitis in children?

Chronic cervical lymphadenitis is primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

What clinical finding is typical for acute, unilateral cervical lymphadenitis in children?

The pathogen __________ is commonly associated with a history of contact with an infected animal, such as a rabbit.

Match the following pathogens with their associated clinical features:

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Acute Cervical Lymphadenitis

Francisella tularensis

Cervical Lymphadenitis in Children

Pathogens:
- Staphylococcus aureus (most common)
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella spp)
- Francisella tularensis (history of periodontal disease or dental caries)
- Mycobacterium avium (history of contact with infected animal, such as a rabbit)
- Bartonella henselae (chronic, nontender, violaceous)
- Viral (e.g., adenovirus - acute, URI associated; EBV, CMV - subacute/chronic, mononucleosis symptoms)
Clinical Findings (Acute, Unilateral):
- Enlarged, markedly tender, warm, erythematous lymph node
- Often suppurative
- Fever is common, but often not severe or concerning
Clinical Findings (Chronic, Unilateral):
- Nontender
- Violaceous lymph node
- Papule often present at the site of a cat scratch/bite
Clinical Findings (Bilateral):
- Viral infections (e.g., adenovirus, EBV, CMV) often associated with other symptoms like an upper respiratory infection (URI) or mononucleosis
Presentation: Acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis is common in children and typically involves the presence of a swollen, tender, warm, and reddish lymph node. Generally, the child may have a fever, but not extreme symptoms.
Causative Agents (Acute, Unilateral): Most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Explore the causes, clinical findings, and pathogens associated with cervical lymphadenitis in children. This quiz covers both acute and chronic presentations, including the notable features of various causative agents. Test your knowledge on this pediatric condition and its management.