Cervical Cancer Screening and Risk Factors
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Questions and Answers

What age should women begin Pap screening?

  • At age 18
  • At age 25
  • At age 30
  • At age 21 (correct)

    • Which HPV types are most strongly correlated with a high risk for cervical cancer?

  • Types 51 and 52
  • Types 6 and 11
  • Types 16 and 18 (correct)
  • Types 31 and 33

    • What is the primary indication for HPV testing in women aged 30 to 65?

  • To assess hormonal changes
  • To diagnose cervical cancer
  • To monitor STIs
  • For primary HPV testing or co-testing with a Pap test (correct)

    • What is a common risk factor for cervical cancer?

    <p>Young age at coitarche (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical follow-up recommendation if a Pap test result is normal for women aged 21 to 29?

    <p>Next test in three years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended screening method for cervical cancer?

    <p>HPV testing alone without a Pap test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Pap test findings typically show abnormal results?

    <p>2.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor related to hormonal contraception usage is considered a risk for cervical cancer?

    <p>Long-term use of combined hormonal contraception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range should Pap and HPV screening occur every 3 years?

    <p>30 to 65 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should happen to screening for women over 65 who have had 3 normal consecutive Paps?

    <p>Discontinue screening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires women to continue screening past the age of 65?

    <p>History of CIN II or greater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common treatment for abnormal cervical cells found during colposcopy?

    <p>Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure is referred for patients with ASC-US lesions and a positive HPV DNA test?

    <p>Colposcopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the colposcope during a colposcopy procedure?

    <p>To magnify and illuminate the cervix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done for women under 24 years of age with ASC-US lesions?

    <p>Repeat cytology in 12 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does NOT require closer monitoring?

    <p>Regular screening without issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk factor related to sexual history is associated with cervical cancer?

    <p>Having a sexual partner with a history of STIs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended screening strategy for women aged 30 to 65?

    <p>Primary HPV testing only (A), HPV test in combination with Pap test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should Pap screening begin for women?

    <p>21 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HPV types account for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers?

    <p>HPV types 16 and 18 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For women who have had normal results for several years and are aged 65 or older, what is the recommendation regarding cervical cancer screening?

    <p>Stop screening entirely (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Pap test findings typically yield abnormal results in the United States?

    <p>2.1% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the visibility of cervical Pap abnormalities during a routine examination?

    <p>Not visible by routine speculum examination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor related to hormonal changes is a risk for cervical cancer?

    <p>Long-term use of combined hormonal contraception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for women over 65 who have a history of CIN II or greater?

    <p>Continue screening for a minimum of 20 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For women who have had a hysterectomy and cervix removal, when should screening be resumed?

    <p>If they have a history of CIN II or greater in the past 20 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial follow-up for women under 24 years with ASC-US lesions?

    <p>Repeat cytology in 12 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical finding when performing colposcopy procedures?

    <p>Less than 1 in 1,000 women are found to have cervical cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure is most commonly performed to treat abnormal cervical cells found during colposcopy?

    <p>Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups requires closer monitoring for cervical health?

    <p>Women who have had DES exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of applying solutions during a colposcopy?

    <p>To highlight abnormal areas on the cervix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for routine Pap and HPV screening in women aged 30 to 65?

    <p>Every 3 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be an indication for ongoing cervical cancer screening in women aged 65 or older?

    <p>Having had a cervical precancer in the past (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following HPV types accounts for the majority of cervical cancer cases?

    <p>Types 16 and 18 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary recommendation for women aged 21 to 29 with normal Pap test results?

    <p>Wait three years until the next Pap test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about visibility of cervical Pap abnormalities?

    <p>They can often be detected during routine examination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is HPV testing without a Pap test currently recommended?

    <p>Currently not recommended (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for cervical cancer?

    <p>Long-term use of combined hormonal contraception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should women aged 30 to 65 do if they are undergoing co-testing?

    <p>Take an HPV test along with the Pap test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of HPV makes it a notable public health concern?

    <p>It is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended continuation of Pap and HPV screening for women with a history of CIN II or greater after the age of 65?

    <p>Screening should continue for a minimum of 20 years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done for women who have had a hysterectomy with cervix removal and no history of CIN II or greater in the last 20 years?

    <p>Discontinue screening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate management for patients with ASC-US lesions who are under 24 years old?

    <p>Repeat cytology in 12 months. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions requires closer monitoring for cervical health?

    <p>Women with a history of CIN II or greater. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the colposcope during the colposcopy procedure?

    <p>To visually inspect the cervix and highlight abnormalities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically observed when applying solutions during a colposcopy?

    <p>It highlights the abnormal areas of the cervix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women referred for colposcopy are typically found to have cervical cancer requiring immediate treatment?

    <p>1 in 1,000. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For women diagnosed with ASC-US lesions over the age of 24 and positive for HPV, what is the recommended course of action?

    <p>Refer for colposcopy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation for women who have had a hysterectomy and their cervix removed?

    <p>Screening should be discontinued unless they had cervical cancer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated for women over the age of 24 with ASC-US lesions and a positive HPV DNA test?

    <p>Referral for colposcopy is recommended. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done for women under 24 years who have ASC-US lesions?

    <p>They should have repeat cytology in 12 months. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is closer monitoring indicated for women regarding cervical health?

    <p>For women who have a history of CIN II or greater. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely finding for women referred for colposcopy?

    <p>Less than 1 in 1,000 will have cervical cancer requiring immediate treatment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of monitoring is required for women with a history of DES exposure or who are immunosuppressed?

    <p>Closer monitoring is necessary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal when treating abnormal cervical cells?

    <p>To preserve as much normal tissue as possible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying solutions during a colposcopy?

    <p>To enhance the visibility of abnormal areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What screening method is NOT recommended for women with a history of cervical cancer?

    <p>Pap test every year (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk factor is associated with cellular trauma for cervical cancer?

    <p>History of STIs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HPV types are most associated with cervical dysplasia?

    <p>Types 16 and 18 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what reason should women under 24 with ASC-US lesions be closely monitored?

    <p>They may revert to normal without intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary recommendation for women aged 30 to 65 who have normal screening results?

    <p>Undergo co-testing every five years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered when determining continued screening for women over 65?

    <p>History of cervical precancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of applying solutions during colposcopy?

    <p>To enhance visualization of abnormal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common misconception exists regarding cervical Pap abnormalities?

    <p>They can always be seen during a routine exam. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cervical Cancer Screening Abnormalities

    • Papanicolaou (Pap) test is a screening test for cervical cancer.
    • 2.1% of Pap test results show abnormalities in the United States.
    • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 account for 70% of cervical cancers.
    • HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the US.
    • 13 HPV subtypes are linked to high risk for cervical dysplasia.

    Pelvic Exam

    • A pelvic exam involves several steps, including lying on the back, the doctor examining the outside of the vagina, and using a speculum to examine the cervix.

    Cervical Cancer Risk Factors

    • Older age
    • Infection with high-risk HPV types
    • Vaginal pH changes
    • Hormonal changes
    • Cellular trauma
    • Long-term use of combined hormonal contraception
    • Young age at first sexual intercourse
    • Multiparity
    • History of STIs (sexually transmitted infections), multiple sexual partners, younger age at first pregnancy, and cigarette smoking

    Clinical Presentation

    • Cervical Pap abnormalities are not always visible during a routine speculum exam.
    • Cervical cancer can appear as a lesion on the cervix.
    • Pap screening should begin at age 21.
    • HPV testing is recommended for women aged 30 to 65.

    Screening

    • Screening helps differentiate between normal, low-grade CIN, high-grade CIN, and cancerous conditions in the cervix.

    Screening Continued (30-65 years old)

    • Primary HPV testing: If the result is normal, a woman can wait 5 years for her next screening test.
    • Co-testing (HPV and Pap test): If both results are normal, a woman can wait 5 years for her next screening test.

    For 65 Years and Older

    • Women with normal screening results for several years, without cervical precancer or cancer, or who've had a hysterectomy with cervix removal (for non-cancerous conditions) do not need routine cervical screening.

    Physical Exam and Diagnostics

    • HPV/Pap test screening by HPV alone, without a simultaneous Pap test is not currently recommended.
    • Pap and HPV screening is recommended every 3 years for women aged 30 to 65.
    • Women with a history of CIN II or greater should continue screening past age 65 for a minimum of 20 years.
    • Women who have had a hysterectomy with cervix removal should discontinue screening unless they have a history of CIN II or greater in the past 20 years or had cervical cancer.
    • Women with DES exposure, immunosuppressed HIV, or CIN II or greater require closer monitoring.
    • Cytologic brush and liquid-based medium are used in diagnostics.

    Management

    • Patients with ASC-US lesions and a positive HPV DNA test should be referred for colposcopy (unless under 24).
    • Repeat cytology in women under 24 in 12 months.
    • Women over 24 with positive ASC-US and HPV should be referred for colposcopy.
    • Gynecologic consultation is needed for abnormal Pap findings and colposcopy diagnostics.

    Colposcopy

    • Colposcopy is a technique used to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a magnifying device.
    • A microscope (colposcope) with a strong light is used to view the cervix, without entering the vagina.
    • Solutions are sometimes applied to the cervix to highlight abnormal areas.

    Colposcopy Treatments

    • Few women undergoing a colposcopy are found to have cervical cancer needing immediate treatment.
    • Mild abnormalities may not need treatment, aiming to preserve healthy tissue.
    • Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) is a common treatment for removing abnormal cells.
    • LLETZ often uses a local anesthetic and is carried out during colposcopy.
    • Treatment success is usually about 90%.

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    Cervical Cancer Screening Abnormalities PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key aspects of cervical cancer screening, focusing on Pap test abnormalities and HPV's role in cervical cancer. Additionally, it examines various risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Enhance your understanding of prevention and clinical practices in women's health.

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