Cerrahi Neonatal - Yeni Doğan Cerrahisi

Pediatric Surgery

Neonatal Surgery

• Definition: Surgical interventions performed on newborns (0-28 days old) to correct congenital anomalies, treat acquired conditions, and manage surgical emergencies.
• Common conditions: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, anorectal malformations, and esophageal atresia.
• Surgical approaches:
  • Open surgery (traditional incision)
  • Minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, thoracoscopy)
  • Fetal surgery (in-utero interventions)
• Neonatal surgical team: Multidisciplinary team comprising pediatric surgeons, neonatologists, anesthesiologists, and specialized nurses.

Pediatric Trauma Care

• Definition: Treatment of injuries and traumatic conditions in children, including blunt and penetrating trauma.
• Epidemiology: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children <18 years old.
• Initial assessment:
  • Primary survey (ABCDE):
    • Airway and cervical spine
    • Breathing and ventilation
    • Circulation and hemorrhage control
    • Disability (neurological status)
    • Exposure (environmental control)
  • Secondary survey (head-to-toe examination)
• Pediatric trauma care principles:
  • Age-specific care (developmental and physiological considerations)
  • Family-centered care
  • Multidisciplinary team approach
  • Staged management (initial stabilization, definitive care)
• Common pediatric trauma conditions:
  • Head injuries (concussions, skull fractures)
  • Thoracic trauma (pneumothorax, hemothorax)
  • Abdominal injuries (liver, spleen, kidney trauma)
  • Musculoskeletal injuries (fractures, dislocations)

Neonatal Cerrahi

• Doğumdan sonraki 0-28 gün boyunca, doğuştan gelen anomalilere, kazanılan koşullara ve cerrahi acil durumlara müdahale etmesi için yapılan cerrahi müdahalelerdir.
• Sık rastlanan durumlar: Konjenital diyafragma hernisi, omfalosel, gastroschisis, anorektal malformasyonlar ve özofagus atrezi.
• Cerrahi yaklaşımlar: Açık cerrahi (klasik insizyon), minimal invaziv cerrahi (laparoskopi, torakoskopi) ve fetal cerrahi (rahim içi müdahaleler).

Pediatrik Travma Bakımı

• Çocuklarda yaralanmaların ve travmatik koşulların tedavisi, darbe ve delici travma dahil.
• Epidemioloji: Çocuklarda ölüm ve sakatlığın önde gelen nedeni kazara meydana gelen yaralanmalardır.