Cerebrovascular Accidents and Neurological Disorders
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of COPD?

  • Edema
  • Mental deterioration
  • Liver enlargement
  • Chronic cough (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of emphysema in COPD patients?

  • Excessive mucus production
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Inflammation of the bronchi
  • Loss of lung elasticity due to alveoli hyperinflation (correct)

    • Which risk factor is considered a modifiable risk factor for COPD?

  • Age
  • Immunosuppression
  • Conditions with mucus
  • Smoking (correct)

    • What causes portal hypertension in cirrhosis?

    <p>Obstructed blood flow through the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of cirrhosis related to ammonia metabolism?

    <p>Hepatic encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used specifically to diagnose COPD?

    <p>Pulmonary function test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the production of excessive mucus in chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Hypertrophy of bronchial walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of scar tissue replacing healthy liver tissue in cirrhosis?

    <p>Reduced hepatic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of esophageal varices?

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pathology of Crohn’s disease?

    <p>Transmural skip lesions causing deep ulcerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation is often provided for patients with diverticulosis?

    <p>Increase dietary fiber from raw fruits and veggies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typically associated with diverticulitis?

    <p>Abdominal pain over sigmoid colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Crohn’s disease have on the intestines over time?

    <p>Development of fibrotic scarring leading to reduced absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis?

    <p>Portal hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication if esophageal varices rupture?

    <p>Risk of aspiration and infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for the obstruction of blood flow in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

    <p>A combination of atherosclerosis, inflammation, stenosis, embolus, and thrombus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is considered a priority for monitoring in patients with peripheral arterial disease?

    <p>Intermittent claudication during exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Virchow's triad related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>Stasis, vessel wall injury, and hypercoagulability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a result of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Pulmonary congestion and crackles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient diagnosed with heart failure, which dietary recommendation is most appropriate?

    <p>Low sodium intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>Pain, swelling, and warmth in the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is not typically used for assessing heart failure?

    <p>Fasting lipid profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification indicates significant limitation and distress during physical activity in heart failure patients?

    <p>Class IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Loss of fluid through diarrhea with more than 20 stools per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary underlying cause of cholecystitis?

    <p>Obstruction of bile flow due to gallstones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is most commonly associated with cholecystitis?

    <p>E.coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a systemic manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathological process occurs in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Chronic autoimmune inflammation and tissue degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is often used to indicate the presence of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Presence of rheumatoid factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of edema is characterized by swelling due to excess fluid accumulation in tissues?

    <p>Dependent edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic finding in osteomyelitis?

    <p>Increased WBC counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathophysiological change in osteoporosis?

    <p>Rate of osteoclasts exceeds osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is associated with chronic osteomyelitis?

    <p>Nonhealing ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is usually excitatory and affects mood and overall activity?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common prevention strategy for osteoporosis?

    <p>Calcium and vitamin D supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of untreated osteomyelitis?

    <p>Spinal deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does calcitonin play in bone health?

    <p>Promotes bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for sodium levels in the blood?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is signified by easily fractured bones under stress?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GFR range for Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

    <p>60-89</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by a TSH level greater than 4.5?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lab value would indicate acidosis?

    <p>HCO3 less than 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is indicative of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia?

    <p>Chvostek sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for TSH levels?

    <p>0.4-4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GFR range categorizes Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

    <p>15-29</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of Graves' disease?

    <p>Thyroid storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cerebrovascular Accidents

    • Ischemic accidents are caused by an obstruction (thrombus or embolism) disrupting blood supply to brain tissue.
    • Embolic events involve clots forming elsewhere and traveling to the brain.
    • Hemorrhagic accidents involve bleeding into brain tissue, ventricles, or subarachnoid space, often due to high blood pressure.
    • Thrombotic accidents involve blood clots forming in arteries supplying blood to the brain, often due to atherosclerosis.
    • Clinical manifestations can include: hemiplegia (paralysis on one side), hemiparesis (weakness on one side), flaccidity (loss of muscle tone), and ataxia (balance and coordination problems).

    Multiple Sclerosis

    • Pathophysiology involves a progressive demyelination of the CNS by immune cells.
    • Clinical manifestations can include relapsing and remitting symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, numbness, and coordination difficulties.

    Myocardial Infarction

    • Diagnostics include 12-lead EKG, cardiac labs, and troponin/CK levels.
    • Risk factors include non-modifiable factors (male sex, postmenopausal female, heart disease history) and modifiable factors (smoking, high LDL, diabetes, hypertension).

    Atherosclerosis

    • Atherosclerosis involves lipid deposits and fibrous tissue buildup within arterial walls.
    • This condition can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD) due to blockages and narrowing of coronary vessels, reducing blood flow to the myocardium, potentially leading to necrosis.

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Cardinal clinical manifestations include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    NURS3107 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2022 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to cerebrovascular accidents including ischemic and hemorrhagic events, as well as neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction. Test your knowledge on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics associated with these conditions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser