22 Questions
What is the primary role of neuroimaging in stroke?
To exclude other conditions that can mimic stroke
What is transient ischemic attack (TIA) also known as?
Mini stroke
What is the main difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke?
Cause of the stroke
What is an example of a fixed risk factor for stroke?
Age >80 years
How does hypertension increase the risk of ischemic stroke?
By accelerating atherosclerosis of cerebral blood vessels
What is the outcome of ischemic stroke?
Liquefactive necrosis of brain tissue
What is the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke?
Thrombosis or embolism
What is a modifiable risk factor for stroke?
Hyperlipidemia
What percentage of the total body oxygen consumption is used by the brain?
20%
What is the mechanism that helps maintain constant cerebral perfusion despite changes in blood pressure?
Autoregulation
What is the term for a reduction of blood flow to a localized area of the brain?
Focal cerebral ischemia
What type of infarct occurs in the most distal portions of arterial territories in the brain and spinal cord?
Border zone infarct
What is the most common type of infarct?
Embolic infarct
What determines the clinical deficit in cases of ischemic stroke?
Site and size of the infarct
What is the effect of hypertension on cerebral blood vessels?
It leads to formation of minute aneurysms
What is the gross appearance of intracerebral hemorrhage?
A cavity with brown rim
What is the location of amyloid deposits in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)?
Cerebral cortex and meninges
What is the characteristic of vascular malformations?
Tangled network of worm-like vascular channels
What is the definition of stroke?
An acute onset neurological deficit due to a vascular disease
What is the effect of infarct or hemorrhage on one side of the brain?
It affects the opposite side of the body
What is the essential investigation in a patient with stroke?
MRI scan of the brain
What is the characteristic of global cerebral ischemia?
It involves the entire brain
This quiz covers the concepts of hypoxia, ischemia, and infarction, specifically in the context of the brain's constant need for glucose and oxygen. It also explores the mechanisms of autoregulation and the differences between global and focal cerebral ischemia.
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