Cerebral Cortex Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the human cortex is made up of Neocortex?

  • 40%
  • 95% (correct)
  • 60%
  • 5%
  • Which type of cortex is the most primitive with only 3 layers?

  • Allocortex
  • Archicortex (correct)
  • Neocortex
  • Paleocortex
  • What are the two main cell types found in the Neocortex?

  • Inhibitory cells and Basket cells
  • Schwann cells and Satellite cells
  • Purkinje cells and Golgi cells
  • Granule (stellate) cells and Pyramidal cells (correct)
  • Which region of the cortex has a thickness ranging from 1.54mm and contains 25 billion neurons?

    <p>Neocortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thirst is triggered by an increase in salt concentration?

    <p>Osmometric thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in the Neocortex has large pyramidal-shaped cell bodies and excitatory function?

    <p>Pyramidal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is responsible for processing emotions and consolidating memories?

    <p>Hippocampal formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the amygdala within the limbic system?

    <p>Initiating fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is stimulated by the adenohypophysis to release corticosteroids like cortisol during defensive behavior?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in regulating sleep and arousal through circadian rhythms?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological responses are triggered by cold exposure as described in the text?

    <p>Skin vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reptilian brain structure is included in the limbic system for processing emotions and memories?

    <p>Cingulate gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is responsible for feelings of déjà vu when stimulated?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom seen in monkeys with Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

    <p>Hypersexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive difficulty is associated with the inferotemporal cortex?

    <p>Difficulty recognizing objects visually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral change is observed in monkeys with bilateral removal of temporal lobes?

    <p>Absence of emotions and placid behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is particularly sensitive to hypoxia and can lead to memory deficits?

    <p>CA1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the amygdala in relation to emotional memories?

    <p>Forming feelings of fear and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do animals with bilateral lesions or ablation of the amygdala differ from normal animals?

    <p>They become fearless and unable to learn danger signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is a transitional zone between the neocortex and the archicortex?

    <p>Entorhinal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main inputs to the hippocampal formation?

    <p>Entorhinal cortex and monoaminergic cell groups of the reticular formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function associated with the fornix in the brain?

    <p>Consolidation of memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hippocampal formation is adjacent to the dentate gyrus?

    <p>CA3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hippocampus in the memory process described in the text?

    <p>Deciding which memories are worth keeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are memories coded in the memory process described?

    <p>As landmarks on cognitive maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be compared to the hippocampal formation based on the text?

    <p>A librarian organizing books</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the hippocampus deems new information unworthy of keeping?

    <p>It throws the information away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of lesions or ablations in the hippocampus, as evidenced by the case of H.M.?

    <p>Anterograde amnesia – trouble remembering new events</p> Signup and view all the answers

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