Cerebral Cortex Structure and Function

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What percentage of the human cortex is made up of Neocortex?

40%

95% (correct)

60%

5%

Which type of cortex is the most primitive with only 3 layers?

Allocortex

Archicortex (correct)

Neocortex

Paleocortex

What are the two main cell types found in the Neocortex?

Inhibitory cells and Basket cells

Schwann cells and Satellite cells

Purkinje cells and Golgi cells

Granule (stellate) cells and Pyramidal cells (correct)

Which region of the cortex has a thickness ranging from 1.54mm and contains 25 billion neurons?

Neocortex Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thirst is triggered by an increase in salt concentration?

Osmometric thirst Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the Neocortex has large pyramidal-shaped cell bodies and excitatory function?

Pyramidal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for processing emotions and consolidating memories?

Hippocampal formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the amygdala within the limbic system?

Initiating fight or flight response Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is stimulated by the adenohypophysis to release corticosteroids like cortisol during defensive behavior?

Adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in regulating sleep and arousal through circadian rhythms?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What physiological responses are triggered by cold exposure as described in the text?

Skin vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering thermogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which reptilian brain structure is included in the limbic system for processing emotions and memories?

Cingulate gyrus Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is responsible for feelings of déjà vu when stimulated?

Hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in monkeys with Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

Hypersexuality Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive difficulty is associated with the inferotemporal cortex?

Difficulty recognizing objects visually Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral change is observed in monkeys with bilateral removal of temporal lobes?

Absence of emotions and placid behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is particularly sensitive to hypoxia and can lead to memory deficits?

CA1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the amygdala in relation to emotional memories?

Forming feelings of fear and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

How do animals with bilateral lesions or ablation of the amygdala differ from normal animals?

They become fearless and unable to learn danger signals Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a transitional zone between the neocortex and the archicortex?

Entorhinal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What are the main inputs to the hippocampal formation?

Entorhinal cortex and monoaminergic cell groups of the reticular formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function associated with the fornix in the brain?

Consolidation of memories Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hippocampal formation is adjacent to the dentate gyrus?

CA3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hippocampus in the memory process described in the text?

Deciding which memories are worth keeping Signup and view all the answers

How are memories coded in the memory process described?

As landmarks on cognitive maps Signup and view all the answers

What can be compared to the hippocampal formation based on the text?

A librarian organizing books Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the hippocampus deems new information unworthy of keeping?

It throws the information away Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of lesions or ablations in the hippocampus, as evidenced by the case of H.M.?

Anterograde amnesia – trouble remembering new events Signup and view all the answers