Cerebral Cortex Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the human cortex is made up of Neocortex?

  • 40%
  • 95% (correct)
  • 60%
  • 5%

Which type of cortex is the most primitive with only 3 layers?

  • Allocortex
  • Archicortex (correct)
  • Neocortex
  • Paleocortex

What are the two main cell types found in the Neocortex?

  • Inhibitory cells and Basket cells
  • Schwann cells and Satellite cells
  • Purkinje cells and Golgi cells
  • Granule (stellate) cells and Pyramidal cells (correct)

Which region of the cortex has a thickness ranging from 1.54mm and contains 25 billion neurons?

<p>Neocortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thirst is triggered by an increase in salt concentration?

<p>Osmometric thirst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the Neocortex has large pyramidal-shaped cell bodies and excitatory function?

<p>Pyramidal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for processing emotions and consolidating memories?

<p>Hippocampal formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the amygdala within the limbic system?

<p>Initiating fight or flight response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is stimulated by the adenohypophysis to release corticosteroids like cortisol during defensive behavior?

<p>Adrenal gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in regulating sleep and arousal through circadian rhythms?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological responses are triggered by cold exposure as described in the text?

<p>Skin vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering thermogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reptilian brain structure is included in the limbic system for processing emotions and memories?

<p>Cingulate gyrus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is responsible for feelings of déjà vu when stimulated?

<p>Hippocampus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in monkeys with Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

<p>Hypersexuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive difficulty is associated with the inferotemporal cortex?

<p>Difficulty recognizing objects visually (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral change is observed in monkeys with bilateral removal of temporal lobes?

<p>Absence of emotions and placid behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is particularly sensitive to hypoxia and can lead to memory deficits?

<p>CA1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the amygdala in relation to emotional memories?

<p>Forming feelings of fear and anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do animals with bilateral lesions or ablation of the amygdala differ from normal animals?

<p>They become fearless and unable to learn danger signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a transitional zone between the neocortex and the archicortex?

<p>Entorhinal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main inputs to the hippocampal formation?

<p>Entorhinal cortex and monoaminergic cell groups of the reticular formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function associated with the fornix in the brain?

<p>Consolidation of memories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hippocampal formation is adjacent to the dentate gyrus?

<p>CA3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hippocampus in the memory process described in the text?

<p>Deciding which memories are worth keeping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are memories coded in the memory process described?

<p>As landmarks on cognitive maps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be compared to the hippocampal formation based on the text?

<p>A librarian organizing books (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the hippocampus deems new information unworthy of keeping?

<p>It throws the information away (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of lesions or ablations in the hippocampus, as evidenced by the case of H.M.?

<p>Anterograde amnesia – trouble remembering new events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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