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Pyramidal Cells and Stellate Neurons in Cerebral Cortex

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Lynn abi aad
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35 Questions

What type of neurons serve as the only excitatory neurons in the cerebellar cortex?

Granule cells

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains Purkinje cells that receive excitatory input from climbing fibers and parallel fibers?

Ganglion cell layer

What is the neurotransmitter primarily used by the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex?

Glutamate

Which type of fibers terminate on granule cells and send excitatory stimuli to Purkinje cells?

Mossy fibers

Which part of the cerebellar medulla receives afferent axons from the cerebral cortex, pons, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei?

Deep cerebellar nuclei

What is the primary cell type found in the white matter surrounding the gray matter of the spinal cord?

Oligodendrocytes

Which type of neurons have axons that exit the cortex and travel through white matter to the spinal cord?

Pyramidal neurons

Which nuclei from lateral to medial are part of the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial

What type of neurons are located in the anterior horns of the gray matter in the spinal cord?

Motor neurons

Which specific area of the spinal cord contains myelinated axon tracts running along its length?

White commissure

What is the primary function of the cerebellar cortex?

Sending inhibitory impulses to the cerebellar nuclei

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains basket cells, astrocytes, and parallel fibers?

Molecular layer

Which region of the spinal cord contains interneurons that receive sensory fibers?

Posterior horns

What characteristic of the large motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord indicates extensive protein synthesis?

Prominent nucleoli

Which cells in the cerebellum are primarily inhibitory, except for granule cells?

Purkinje cells

Which layer of connective tissue separates the dura mater from the periosteum of the vertebrae around the spinal cord?

Epidural space

What is the origin of climbing fibers that terminate on Purkinje cells?

Inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla

Where do the axons of stellate neurons project to within the central nervous system?

Cerebellar nuclei

What is the function of the small central canal in the spinal cord?

Contains CSF

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Myelination of axons

What is the main function of the Cerebellar Cortex?

Processing sensory information and coordinating voluntary motor movements

Which cells are abundant in Gray Matter?

Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, astrocytes, and microglial cells

What differentiates White Matter from Gray Matter in the CNS?

The main components of White Matter are myelinated axons, while Gray Matter has neuronal cell bodies

Which structure is responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure in the CNS?

Cerebellar Medulla

Where are most synapses likely to occur within the brain?

Gray Matter

What type of cells are found in the external granular layer of the cortex?

Stellate cells

Which layer of the cortex is the termination area of thalamocortical projections?

Internal granular layer

What differentiates the pyramidal neurons in layer V from other layers of the cortex?

Their axons contribute to efferent projections extending to other regions of the CNS

What is the role of stellate cells in the cerebral cortex?

They are interneurons within the cerebral cortex

Which layer of the cortex contains large pyramidal cells giving rise to axons forming corticospinal tracts?

Internal pyramidal layer

Which layer of the cerebral cortex is characterized by small pyramidal and stellate neurons?

Outer granular layer

In which cortical layer are the pyramidal neurons larger due to their axonal projections extending to other regions of the CNS?

Ganglionic layer

Which layer of the cerebral cortex has densely packed stellate neurons?

Inner granular layer

Where do pyramidal neurons in layer V of motor cortices send projections?

To motor neurons in the spinal cord

Which layer of the cerebral cortex has a mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons?

Multiform cell layer

Learn about the structure and projection of pyramidal cells and stellate neurons in the cerebral cortex. Understand how pyramidal neurons project to different structures within the central nervous system while stellate neurons function as local circuit neurons.

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