35 Questions
What type of neurons serve as the only excitatory neurons in the cerebellar cortex?
Granule cells
Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains Purkinje cells that receive excitatory input from climbing fibers and parallel fibers?
Ganglion cell layer
What is the neurotransmitter primarily used by the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex?
Glutamate
Which type of fibers terminate on granule cells and send excitatory stimuli to Purkinje cells?
Mossy fibers
Which part of the cerebellar medulla receives afferent axons from the cerebral cortex, pons, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei?
Deep cerebellar nuclei
What is the primary cell type found in the white matter surrounding the gray matter of the spinal cord?
Oligodendrocytes
Which type of neurons have axons that exit the cortex and travel through white matter to the spinal cord?
Pyramidal neurons
Which nuclei from lateral to medial are part of the deep cerebellar nuclei?
Dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial
What type of neurons are located in the anterior horns of the gray matter in the spinal cord?
Motor neurons
Which specific area of the spinal cord contains myelinated axon tracts running along its length?
White commissure
What is the primary function of the cerebellar cortex?
Sending inhibitory impulses to the cerebellar nuclei
Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains basket cells, astrocytes, and parallel fibers?
Molecular layer
Which region of the spinal cord contains interneurons that receive sensory fibers?
Posterior horns
What characteristic of the large motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord indicates extensive protein synthesis?
Prominent nucleoli
Which cells in the cerebellum are primarily inhibitory, except for granule cells?
Purkinje cells
Which layer of connective tissue separates the dura mater from the periosteum of the vertebrae around the spinal cord?
Epidural space
What is the origin of climbing fibers that terminate on Purkinje cells?
Inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla
Where do the axons of stellate neurons project to within the central nervous system?
Cerebellar nuclei
What is the function of the small central canal in the spinal cord?
Contains CSF
What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
Myelination of axons
What is the main function of the Cerebellar Cortex?
Processing sensory information and coordinating voluntary motor movements
Which cells are abundant in Gray Matter?
Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, astrocytes, and microglial cells
What differentiates White Matter from Gray Matter in the CNS?
The main components of White Matter are myelinated axons, while Gray Matter has neuronal cell bodies
Which structure is responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure in the CNS?
Cerebellar Medulla
Where are most synapses likely to occur within the brain?
Gray Matter
What type of cells are found in the external granular layer of the cortex?
Stellate cells
Which layer of the cortex is the termination area of thalamocortical projections?
Internal granular layer
What differentiates the pyramidal neurons in layer V from other layers of the cortex?
Their axons contribute to efferent projections extending to other regions of the CNS
What is the role of stellate cells in the cerebral cortex?
They are interneurons within the cerebral cortex
Which layer of the cortex contains large pyramidal cells giving rise to axons forming corticospinal tracts?
Internal pyramidal layer
Which layer of the cerebral cortex is characterized by small pyramidal and stellate neurons?
Outer granular layer
In which cortical layer are the pyramidal neurons larger due to their axonal projections extending to other regions of the CNS?
Ganglionic layer
Which layer of the cerebral cortex has densely packed stellate neurons?
Inner granular layer
Where do pyramidal neurons in layer V of motor cortices send projections?
To motor neurons in the spinal cord
Which layer of the cerebral cortex has a mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons?
Multiform cell layer
Learn about the structure and projection of pyramidal cells and stellate neurons in the cerebral cortex. Understand how pyramidal neurons project to different structures within the central nervous system while stellate neurons function as local circuit neurons.
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