L10 Cerebellum
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Questions and Answers

Which structure primarily projects to the Ventral Anterior nucleus of the thalamus?

  • Cerebellum
  • Basal ganglia (correct)
  • Medial Globus Pallidus
  • Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

    • What role does the Basal ganglia play in motor control?

  • Coordinates individual muscle actions
  • Facilitates unconscious proprioception
  • Smooths ongoing movements
  • Selects skeletomotor actions (correct)

    • What percentage of the brain's total volume does the Cerebellum occupy?

  • 10% (correct)
  • 15%
  • 20%
  • 5%

    • Which function does the Cerebellum NOT perform?

    <p>Directly activating motor neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Cerebellum similar to a musical conductor?

    <p>It orchestrates the timing of movements without direct execution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter used by climbing fibers when they excite Purkinje cells?

    <p>Aspartate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many climbing fibers can a single Purkinje cell receive input from?

    <p>One climbing fiber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inhibition do stellate and basket cells perform on Purkinje cells?

    <p>Lateral inhibition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spikes are produced due to excitatory signals received by Purkinje cells from parallel fibers?

    <p>Simple spikes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical spontaneous firing rate of a Purkinje cell?

    <p>50-200 Hz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where do climbing fibers ascend in relation to the cerebellar hemisphere?

    <p>Contralateral inferior olivary nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do inter-Purkinje cell connections via parallel fibers play?

    <p>Facilitating motor coordination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of parallel fibers that a single Purkinje cell can receive input from?

    <p>Up to 200,000 parallel fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of Flocculonodular Syndrome?

    <p>Loss of trunk control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is primarily associated with malnutrition related to alcoholism?

    <p>Anterior Lobe Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is typically associated with Posterior Lobe Deficit?

    <p>Dysdiadochokinesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pancerebellar Syndrome can be caused by which of the following factors?

    <p>Genetic predisposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding would indicate a lesion affecting the cerebellum?

    <p>Nystagmus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected symptom of damage to the cerebellum?

    <p>Ataxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by explosive speech and scanning speech patterns?

    <p>Posterior Lobe Deficit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes a common treatment consideration for patients with cerebellar deficits?

    <p>Alternating movement exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the paravermis in the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordinates distal limb muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by intention tremor, hypotonia, and dysmetria due to lesions?

    <p>Posterior Lobe Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the cerebellum to the medulla?

    <p>Inferior cerebellar peduncle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesions to which cerebellar lobe primarily result in truncal ataxia and wide gait?

    <p>Vermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cerebellar peduncle primarily carries afferent sensory information to the cerebellum?

    <p>Inferior cerebellar peduncle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ataxia is associated with lesions arising from malnutrition and/or alcoholism in the cerebellum?

    <p>Lower limb ataxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the composition of the cerebellum regarding its sensory and motor signal inputs?

    <p>Much more sensory input than motor output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific function do the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum primarily support?

    <p>Fine-tuning complex multilimb movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cerebellum play in motor learning?

    <p>It stores motor patterns through associative learning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the absence of a functional cerebellum?

    <p>Dandy Walker Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebellum has the most connections to the spinal cord?

    <p>Anterior Lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

    <p>Herniation of cerebellar tonsils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the climbing fibers in the cerebellum related to the Purkinje cells?

    <p>They have a 1:1 correspondence with contralateral Purkinje cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly occurs alongside Dandy Walker Malformation?

    <p>Associated hydrocephalus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT part of the gray matter in the cerebellum?

    <p>Cerebellar Peduncles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex?

    <p>Send long axons called parallel fibers to excite Purkinje cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers does NOT primarily cross in the cerebral peduncles before entering the cerebellum?

    <p>Spinocerebellar pathway fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the connection of parallel fibers to Purkinje cells?

    <p>Parallel fibers excite Purkinje cell dendrites at multiple synapses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do mossy fibers originate before entering the cerebellum?

    <p>Molecular layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for the inhibition of Purkinje cells?

    <p>Basket cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Purkinje cells is incorrect?

    <p>They are only excitatory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the excitatory mossy fibers play in relation to granule cells?

    <p>They excite granule cells through synapses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the parallel fibers?

    <p>They synapse with multiple Purkinje cells at different sites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes the granule cells' structure?

    <p>They possess 'claws' that extend to the mossy fiber ends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the organization of inhibitory interneurons in the cerebellar cortex?

    <p>They include stellate cells and basket cells located in the molecular layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is more involved in smoothing ongoing movements?

    <p>Cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the roles of the Cerebellum and Basal ganglia in motor control?

    <p>Basal ganglia assist with skeletomotor action selection while the Cerebellum smooths ongoing movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the neuronal composition of the Cerebellum is accurate?

    <p>It holds approximately 50% of the brain's neurons despite only being 10% of its volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary projection structure of the Basal ganglia to the thalamus?

    <p>Ventral Anterior nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function can be attributed exclusively to the Cerebellum?

    <p>Coordinating fine motor skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do climbing fibers have on the Purkinje cells in relation to parallel fibers?

    <p>They weaken the excitatory effect of parallel fibers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what firing rates do climbing fibers typically operate during learned movements?

    <p>Low rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures receive inhibitory input from Purkinje cortical cells?

    <p>Cerebellar deep nuclei. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of output do the cerebellar deep nuclei primarily provide?

    <p>Excitatory output to the brainstem and thalamus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellar deep nuclei?

    <p>To act as the only efferent neurons from the cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common spontaneous firing rate for the deep cerebellar nuclei?

    <p>20-50 Hz. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is associated with lesions affecting the cerebellar output fibers traveling through the Red Nucleus?

    <p>Benedikt’s Syndrome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between cerebellar folds and cerebral gyri?

    <p>Cerebellar folds are called folia instead of gyri (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climbing fiber input typically influence Purkinje cell activity?

    <p>It weakens their response to granule cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains the Purkinje cells?

    <p>Purkinje cell layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the cerebellar deep nuclei play in motor control?

    <p>They initiate voluntary movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of mossy fibers in the cerebellum?

    <p>They bring afferent information to the cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are responsible for synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells?

    <p>Basket cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex?

    <p>Molecular layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do climbing fibers primarily convey to Purkinje cells?

    <p>Excitatory signals that lead to Purkinje cell activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary connection pathway for information leaving the cerebellum?

    <p>Through the deep nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does Clarke's Nucleus primarily serve?

    <p>Gives rise to the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tract originates from the lumbar spinal levels and decussates twice?

    <p>Ventral/Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the Cuneate Nucleus?

    <p>It gives rise to the Cuneocerebellar Tract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do afferent Efference Copies originate from in the spinal cord?

    <p>Border cells in spinal gray matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tracts specifically carry unconscious proprioception information?

    <p>Rostral and Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tracts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the pathway of the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract?

    <p>Ascends ipsilateral through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the somatosensory information tracts primarily carry?

    <p>Mechanosensory and unconscious proprioception. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pathway for information entering the cerebellum from the lower body?

    <p>Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordinate combined digit movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most likely to occur as a result of a lesion in the fastigial nucleus?

    <p>Falls to the side of the lesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific symptom would indicate a lesion to the globose and emboliform nuclei?

    <p>Overshoot of visual targets during arm reaching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesions affecting the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles would result in what type of ataxia?

    <p>Bilateral ataxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements are primarily more impaired due to cerebellar lesions?

    <p>Movements involving multiple joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nuclei is NOT primarily associated with movement coordination in the cerebellum?

    <p>Cochlear nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to which cerebellar structure would likely result in ipsilateral action tremor during movements?

    <p>Globose nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of cerebellar output from the interposed nuclei?

    <p>Mostly projects to the red nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ataxia is characterized by a loss of trunk control and a wide-based stance?

    <p>Flocculonodular Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motor dysfunction is primarily associated with lesions in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

    <p>Dysdiadochokinesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Anterior Lobe Syndrome?

    <p>Malnutrition associated with alcoholism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with Pancerebellar Syndrome?

    <p>Gait ataxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of lesions on Purkinje cells in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

    <p>Hypotonia and wide-based gait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these deficits is not typically seen with damage to the cerebellum?

    <p>Loss of sensory processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms would be expected with disconnects in the vestibulospinal tracts due to cerebellar lesions?

    <p>Loss of trunk control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by hypotonia, nystagmus, and ataxia predominantly affecting the legs?

    <p>Anterior Lobe Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cerebellum in relation to ongoing movements?

    <p>Smoothing out ongoing, pre-approved movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure has a significant role in movement selection by the Basal ganglia?

    <p>Ventral Anterior nucleus of the thalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Cerebellum's structure is notable in terms of neuron density?

    <p>Contains approximately half of the brain's neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of motor control, what is the principal role of the Basal ganglia?

    <p>Filtering inappropriate movements and facilitating action selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Cerebellum differ functionally from the Basal ganglia in motor control?

    <p>Cerebellum smooths ongoing movements while Basal ganglia handle movement initiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary association of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

    <p>Maintains ongoing movements and has most connections to the spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a significant malformation affecting lower cranial nerves and associated hydrocephalus?

    <p>Arnold-Chiari Malformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique relationship is found between climbing fibers and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum?

    <p>There is a 1:1 correspondence with contralateral Purkinje cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebellum is primarily associated with connections to the cerebrum?

    <p>Posterior Lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying significance is associated with Dandy Walker Syndrome?

    <p>Individuals can often store learned motor patterns in the cerebrum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the source of cerebellar climbing fibers?

    <p>Inferior olivary nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the vermis in the cerebellum?

    <p>Controls axial muscles related to posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus is primarily responsible for controlling balance between agonist and antagonist muscles at a single joint?

    <p>Globose/emboliform (interposed) nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of lesions affecting the fastigial nucleus?

    <p>Falls to the side of the lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the functional impairments associated with lesions in the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

    <p>Overshooting targets during reaching movements (A), Incoordination in digit movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which output pathway is primarily utilized by the interposed nuclei to influence motor control?

    <p>Mostly to red nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of lesions affecting the dentate nucleus?

    <p>Overshooting targets in arm/leg reaching tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with disruptions in the function of the Globose/emboliform nuclei?

    <p>Ipsilateral action tremor during voluntary movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lesions at the Decussation of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles affect motor control?

    <p>They result in bilateral ataxia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the relationship between the paravermis and motor function?

    <p>It coordinates movements involving multiple joints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom associated with lesions to the paravermis region of the cerebellum?

    <p>Distal limb ataxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cerebellar peduncle is associated with primarily efferent fibers?

    <p>Superior cerebellar peduncle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ataxia is generally observed due to lesions in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

    <p>Lower limb ataxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by uncoordinated trunk muscles and balance deficits?

    <p>Flocculonodular Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum are primarily involved in which type of movement coordination?

    <p>Complex multilimb movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure carries fibers from the medulla and is involved in afferent sensory input to the cerebellum?

    <p>Inferior cerebellar peduncle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cerebellar peduncles in relation to the cerebellum?

    <p>Carry both afferent and efferent signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is typically associated with Posterior Lobe Syndrome?

    <p>Hypotonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the cerebellar cortex from the cerebral cortex?

    <p>The lack of conscious control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mossy fibers in the cerebellum?

    <p>To bring afferent information to the cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes the cerebellar deep nuclei in the cerebellum?

    <p>They are the only efferent neurons of the cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cerebellar cortex primarily control the body?

    <p>By influencing ipsilateral (same side) body movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types is involved in excitatory signaling within the cerebellar cortex?

    <p>Granule cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the climbing fibers in relation to Purkinje cells?

    <p>To directly excite Purkinje cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the structure of the cerebellar folds, known as folia?

    <p>They allow for increased surface area in the cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cuneate Nucleus?

    <p>To relay information from the ipsilateral upper limb to the cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the pathway of the Ventral/Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract?

    <p>It decussates in the ventral white commissure before ascending to the cerebellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory information do the Dorsal/Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts specifically carry?

    <p>Unconscious proprioception from the lower limb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes Clarke's Nucleus from the Cuneate Nucleus?

    <p>Clarke's Nucleus gives rise to the Dorsal/Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract (B), Clarke's Nucleus transmits information from the lower limb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do 'border cells' in the spinal gray matter play?

    <p>They receive and relay motor neuron firing patterns to the cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the Cuneocerebellar Tract?

    <p>It carries afferent signals from the cervical spinal level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract differ from the Ventral/Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract?

    <p>It ascends ipsilaterally to the cerebellum without crossing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle is accurate?

    <p>It serves as a pathway for reafference from both the upper and lower limbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cerebellum Lecture Notes

    • Lecture 10, Med Neuro II
    • Instructor: Tony Harper, Ph.D
    • Date: Tuesday, January 28th, 11:00 AM
    • Readings: Young, Young, and Tolbert (3rd ed): Chapter 9, pages 104-122

    Lecture Objectives

    • Describe the cerebellum's functional specialization, including lobes (anterior, posterior, flocculonodular), regions (vermis, paravermis, lateral hemisphere), and peduncles (superior, middle, inferior).
    • Detail the cell types and synaptic connections within the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei.
    • Diagnose common cerebellar disorders: Dandy-Walker Syndrome, Arnold-Chiari malformation, anterior lobe syndrome, posterior lobe syndrome, flocculonodular syndrome, and pancerebellar syndrome.

    Graceful Movement Descriptors

    • Ataxia/Dyssynergia/Asynergia: Uncoordinated muscle recruitment, causing balance and coordination issues.
    • Hemiataxia: Unilateral ataxia.
    • Dystaxia: A mild form of ataxia.
    • Apraxia: Difficulty planning and executing skilled movements, originating from parietal lobe damage. Often related to skilled movements.
    • Dysdiadochokinesia: Inability to perform rapid alternating movements (e.g., pronation-supination).
    • Dysmetria: Inability to accurately judge distance while reaching.
    • Hypermetria: Consistently overshooting targets when reaching.
    • Hypometria: Consistently undershooting targets when reaching.

    Motor Thalamus and Motor Cortex

    • Corticospinal neuron control, influenced by the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
    • Cerebellum projects mainly to the ventral lateral (VL) nucleus of the thalamus.
    • Basal ganglia projects more to ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus.

    Cerebellum's Importance

    • Contains ~50% of the brain's neurons within ~10% of the braincase volume.
    • Has crucial functions including maintaining muscle tone, unconscious proprioception (spinocerebellar tracts), and more.
    • Acts as a "conductor" for ongoing motor actions, without directly operating muscles.

    Cerebellum's Importance: Further Points

    • Stores motor patterns via associative learning (not active at birth).
    • People can be born with a non-functional cerebellum (e.g., Dandy-Walker Syndrome).
    • Learning-related motor patterns may be stored in the cerebrum as a fallback.

    Dandy-Walker Malformation and Arnold-Chiari Malformation

    • Dandy-Walker: Characterized by an abnormal vermis and associated symptoms which frequently include hydrocephalus.
    • Arnold-Chiari: Cerebellar tonsils descend into the spinal canal which typically results in cranial nerve involvement.

    Cerebellar Anatomy

    • White Matter and Gray Matter components
    • Inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles.
    • Cerebellar cortex with its layers (molecular, Purkinje, and granule).
    • Deep cerebellar nuclei (fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate).

    Cerebellar Lobes

    • Anterior Lobe (Paleocerebellum): Maintains ongoing movements and connects to the spinal cord, with main connections in the upper limbs, affecting gait and posture.
    • Posterior Lobe (Neocerebellum): Connects mainly to the cerebrum to coordinate distal limb functions, primarily the upper limbs, affecting dexterity.
    • Flocculonodular Lobe (Archicerebellum): Connects primarily to vestibular nerve/nuclei, related to balance, posture, and eye movements.
    • Mossy fibers: Brings afferent input to the cerebellum
    • Granule cells: Excitatory cells in cerebellum cortex
    • Parallel fibers: Reaching molecular layer to excite Purkinje cells
    • Climbing fibers/Inferior Olive: Provides an impact on Purkinje cells, learning-related movement.

    Cerebellar Deep Nuclei

    • Fastigial nucleus: Balance, posture, and axial movements.
    • Globose/emboliform nuclei: Coordination of limb movements.
    • Dentate nucleus: Complex motor control and planning.

    Blood Supply to Cerebellum

    • Superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar arteries provide the cerebellum and peduncles with blood vessel supply.

    Practice Questions and Answers (Page 38-39)

    • Question 1: Lesions to the right hemisphere cause left limb ataxia. Additional symptoms may include hypotonia. Note that in Question 1, the given response of Left Limb Ataxia is a more suitable and accurate answer.
    • Question 2: Parallel fibers originate in granule cells. Parallel fibers are largely in the molecular layer.

    Additional Syndromes

    • Flocculonodular Syndrome: Ataxia, wide-based standing posture, gaze dysfunction; output to trunk muscles via vestibulospinal tracts. Patients lose trunk control and have wide-based standing posture. Gaze dysfunction – difficulty fixing eyes on a point.
    • Anterior Lobe Syndrome: Ataxia, wide-based stance, less disruption in upper limb coordination (compared to posterior). Results from malnutrition or alcohol abuse. Purkinje cells in the anterior lobe (of the vermis) are damaged (usually the more anterior cells first)
    • Posterior Lobe Deficit: Intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, speech problems, decreased muscle tone. Results from trauma, stroke, tumor, or degenerative diseases.
    • Pancerebellar Syndrome: Damage to the entire cerebellum, including various potential causes like vitamin deficiency, alcohol, drugs, hyperthermia ("heat stroke"), and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy (OPCA).

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    L10 MedNeuro2 Sp25 Lec10 Cerebellum PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the cerebellum through this quiz based on Lecture 10 of Medical Neuro II. Understand the functional specialization of cerebellar lobes, regions, and symptoms of common disorders. Test your knowledge on descriptions of graceful movement and associated terms.

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