Cerebellum and Basal Nuclei Overview

A part of the brain located in the posterior cranial fossa, responsible for balance and coordination.

Connections that link the cerebellum to other parts of the brain (midbrain, pons, medulla).

A functional division of the cerebellum that controls balance and eye movements.

A functional division of the cerebellum involved in coordinating voluntary movements in the limb.

Functional division of the cerebellum concerned with planning and coordinating complex movements.

The oldest part of the cerebellum, involved in balance and equilibrium.

A part of the cerebellum that coordinates posture and muscle tone.

The newest part of cerebellum, crucial for complex movements and cognitive functions.

Controls posture, balance, and coordinated eye movements.

Causes nystagmus, loss of balance, and disturbed gait (wide ataxic gait).

Maintains posture and muscle tone; coordinates voluntary movements.

Causes nystagmus, loss of balance, disturbed gait.

Coordination of posture, bilateral proximal & truncal, eye movements. Path through fastigial nucleus to vestibular nuclei & reticular formation.

Coordination of ipsilateral posture, distal muscle tone, and eye movements. Pathway through Interpositus nucleus & spinal cord.

Fastigial nucleus.

Globose & Emboliform nuclei.

Part of the neocerebellum, involved in highly skilled movements.

Receive input from the cerebellum, acting as a gatekeeper, influencing neural functions throughout the body.

Vertebrobasilar artery supplies blood to the cerebellum.

Midline lesions lead to issues with balance, gait, and nystagmus.

Lateral lesions cause incoordination (ataxia), unsteady gait. But without sensory or muscular issues.

A deep cerebellar nucleus that receives input from the cerebral cortex and sends output to the motor cortex, contributing to movement planning and execution.

Signals sent from the cerebellum to other parts of the nervous system, primarily the motor cortex, to adjust and fine-tune motor commands.

Movement disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum, characterized by incoordination, unsteady gait, and other problems, but without sensory or muscular weakness.

Clusters of neurons within the cerebellum's white matter that act as output centers, relaying signals to other brain regions.

Deep cerebellar nucleus associated with balance and equilibrium.

Deep cerebellar nuclei involved in voluntary movement control, especially limb movements, and walking.

Pathways that carry information from the pons to the cerebellum.

Decreased muscle tone, making muscles feel loose and floppy.

Knee reflex response swings back and forth instead of stopping quickly, due to reduced cerebellar influence.

Lowermost part of the cerebellum, close to the foramen magnum (opening at the base of the skull).

Large opening at the base of the skull where the spinal cord connects to the brain.

C-shaped structure in the basal ganglia involved in planning and learning.

A spherical structure in the basal ganglia, linked to movement control and learning.

A part of the basal ganglia that regulates movement and inhibits unwanted movements.

A brain region producing dopamine, crucial for movement and reward.

A structure in the basal ganglia consisting of the putamen and globus pallidus.

The globus pallidus interna and substantia nigra reticulata project to the thalamus.

The striatum, which includes the caudate nucleus and putamen, receives input from the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra and thalamus.

A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to tremors, rigidity, slow movements, and gait disturbances.

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of neurons in the caudate nucleus, striatum, and cortex, leading to chorea (uncontrolled movements) and cognitive decline.

The caudate nucleus receives input from the frontal association cortex, playing a role in planning, decision-making, and motor control.

The 'pallidothalamic' pathway connects the globus pallidus interna to the thalamus, while the 'nigrothalamic' pathway connects the substantia nigra reticulata to the thalamus.

The striatum receives input from the cerebral cortex (corticostriate pathway), substantia nigra compacta (nigrostriate pathway), and thalamus (thalamostriate fibers).