T2 L14: The cerebellum and motor learning
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

  • Genetic causes
  • Chronic alcohol abuse (correct)
  • Neonatal cerebellar damage
  • Executive and limbic function

What is a potential genetic cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Symmetrical Ataxia
  • MS
  • Frederich's ataxia (correct)

Which area of the cerebellum is affected by chronic alcohol abuse in the example?

  • Cerebellar nuclei
  • Cerebellar cortex
  • Anterior (spino-) cerebellum (correct)
  • White matter tracts

What type of stroke can lead to focal cerebellar pathology?

<p>PICA territory stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the cerebellum is more likely to cause profound ataxia if involved in a disease like MS?

<p>Cerebellar nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes of acquired symmetrical ataxia?

<p>Cerebellar atrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential immune cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

<p>Paraneoplastic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential degenerative cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

<p>Familial MSA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential inherited cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

<p>Frederich's ataxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential metabolic cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

<p>B12/Thyroid/Coeliac (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is involved in controlling limb movements?

<p>Paravermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

<p>Control of muscle tone/posture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tracts are involved in the spinocerebellar loop?

<p>Tecto-, rubro-, vestibulospinal tracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of lesions in the spinocerebellar loop?

<p>Gait ataxia and posture disturbance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of lesions to the vestibulocerebellar pathway?

<p>Nystagmus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the thalamus is involved in the vestibulocerebellar pathway?

<p>VA/VL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inferior olive in the cerebellar cortical circuitry?

<p>Generating the error signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs to the cerebellum?

<p>Mossy fibers and climbing fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Purkinje cells in motor learning?

<p>Error detection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the Purkinje cells are simultaneously activated by climbing fibers and parallel fibers?

<p>Long-term depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning objective of the presentation?

<p>To discuss the role of the cerebellum in cognitive functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a functional subdivision of the cerebellum mentioned in the text?

<p>Inputs and outputs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cerebellum in motor learning?

<p>Correction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feedback loop involving the cerebellum?

<p>Corticospinal loop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cerebellum in modulating movement?

<p>Comparing intended movement with actual movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cortical motor control center?

<p>Cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of loop involves the cerebellum and the brainstem motor control centers?

<p>Brainstem-cerebellar loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spinocerebellar loop?

<p>Sensory feedback control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellum compare in terms of movement?

<p>Intended movement with actual movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cerebellum located?

<p>Brainstem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a functional subdivision of the cerebellum mentioned in the text?

<p>Flocking to Notionally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inferior olive in the cerebellar cortical circuitry?

<p>Activating Purkinje cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential immune cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

<p>Autoimmune disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential degenerative cause of cerebellar dysfunction?

<p>Neurodegenerative disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is predominantly involved in motor learning?

<p>Lateral cerebellar hemispheres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is more likely to show subtle motor deficits when lesioned?

<p>Vestibular cerebellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei are connected to the lateral cerebellar hemispheres?

<p>Dentate nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei receive input from the interposed nuclei and the power vermis?

<p>Vestigial nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of cerebellar dysfunction mentioned in the text?

<p>Irregular rhythm in alternating hand movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of gait ataxia mentioned in the text?

<p>Impaired balance and posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of cerebellar dysfunction mentioned in the text?

<p>Infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibulocerebellar pathway mentioned in the text?

<p>Maintaining balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of nystagmus?

<p>Lesion to the vestibular ocular pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibular cerebellar pathways?

<p>To sense the position of the head in space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the thalamus is involved in motor control?

<p>Ventral anterior ventral lateral part (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cortico-cerebellar pathway?

<p>Motor learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

<p>Maintenance of involuntary pathways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cerebellum in motor learning?

<p>It helps inform future actions through a feedback mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is NOT mentioned as having connections to the cerebellum?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the cerebellum in balance and posture?

<p>Maintenance of balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a layer within the cerebellar cortex?

<p>White matter layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the climbing fibers in the cerebellar circuitry?

<p>Connect the inferior olive nuclei to the cerebellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebellum is involved in receiving inputs for what you want to do and what you actually did?

<p>Inferior olive nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of fibers that transmit signals to the cerebellum in the cerebellar circuitry?

<p>Mossy fibers and climbing fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells line the granule cell layer in the cerebellum?

<p>Purkinje cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers form the parallel fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?

<p>Granule cell fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fibers receive input predominantly from the mossy fibers in the cerebellum?

<p>Climbing fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cerebellum contains the energy cells involved in the output?

<p>Purkinje cell layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei receive the outflow fibers from the cerebellum?

<p>Deep cerebellar nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the interesting events in the cerebellum?

<p>Molecular layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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