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Questions and Answers
_________ G is effective against gram+ cocci and bacilli
Penicillin
Penicillinase resistant _________ includes Nafcillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, and Oxacillin
Penicillins
_________ are broad-spectrum Aminopenicillins
Ampicillins
Penicillin/β - Lactamase inhibitor combination includes Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn), piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn), and ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin)
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Cephalosporins are similar to penicillin in chemical structure, mechanism of action, and toxicity, but are more stable to bacterial β- Lactamase, providing a broader spectrum of activity. They are classified according to bacterial susceptibility and resistance to β- Lactamase into ________
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Use of 1st generation cephalosporins includes treatment for ______, Pharyngitis, Urinary tract infection, and skin infection (Cellulitis).
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Ampicillin is considered to have an extended spectrum because it acts against gram-______ and some gram-negative bacteria
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline and chloramphenicol affect a wide variety of microbial ______
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Extended-spectrum antibiotics are effective against gram-______ organisms
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Bacteriostatic drugs act primarily by arresting bacterial ______
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Bactericidal drugs act primarily by killing ______
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Bacteria are said to be resistant if their growth is not halted by the maximal level of an antibiotic tolerated by the ______
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Cefepime is useful for the treatment of serious infections in hospitalized patients and has extended activity. It belongs to the ________ generation of cephalosporins.
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Carbapenems are synthetic β-lactam antibiotics. Imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem are the only drugs of this group currently available. Imipenem is the most broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. It is effective against G-ve, G+ve aerobic bacteria, and anaerobic m.o. imipenem resists hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. It is active against penicillinase-producing G+ve and G-ve organisms, anaerobes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, although other pseudomonas strains are resistant. Monobactams are resistant to β-lactamase, but they act only on G-ve bacteria (aerobic). It lacks activity against G+ve organism and anaerobes. The best drug of this group is ________.
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Third-generation cephalosporins are used in serious infections including pneumonia, immunocompromised patients for sepsis, UTI infection, skin infection, respiratory tract infection (chronic bronchitis), septicemias, gonorrhea, and typhoid. Examples of third-generation cephalosporins include ________.
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Imipenem is effective against penicillinase-producing G+ve and G-ve organisms, anaerobes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. It resists hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. It is a type of ________ antibiotic.
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Penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are used to combat bacterial resistance. They are effective against organisms that produce β-lactamase enzymes, which can otherwise inactivate penicillins. An example of such a combination is ________.
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Imipenem is the most broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic, effective against G-ve, G+ve aerobic bacteria, and anaerobic microorganisms. It is a type of ________ antibiotic.
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