Cephalosporin Generations in Clinical Practice
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Questions and Answers

_________ G is effective against gram+ cocci and bacilli

Penicillin

Penicillinase resistant _________ includes Nafcillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, and Oxacillin

Penicillins

_________ are broad-spectrum Aminopenicillins

Ampicillins

Penicillin/β - Lactamase inhibitor combination includes Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn), piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn), and ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin)

<p>inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cephalosporins are similar to penicillin in chemical structure, mechanism of action, and toxicity, but are more stable to bacterial β- Lactamase, providing a broader spectrum of activity. They are classified according to bacterial susceptibility and resistance to β- Lactamase into ________

<p>generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use of 1st generation cephalosporins includes treatment for ______, Pharyngitis, Urinary tract infection, and skin infection (Cellulitis).

<p>Tonsillitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ampicillin is considered to have an extended spectrum because it acts against gram-______ and some gram-negative bacteria

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline and chloramphenicol affect a wide variety of microbial ______

<p>species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extended-spectrum antibiotics are effective against gram-______ organisms

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteriostatic drugs act primarily by arresting bacterial ______

<p>multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bactericidal drugs act primarily by killing ______

<p>bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria are said to be resistant if their growth is not halted by the maximal level of an antibiotic tolerated by the ______

<p>host</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cefepime is useful for the treatment of serious infections in hospitalized patients and has extended activity. It belongs to the ________ generation of cephalosporins.

<p>fourth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbapenems are synthetic β-lactam antibiotics. Imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem are the only drugs of this group currently available. Imipenem is the most broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. It is effective against G-ve, G+ve aerobic bacteria, and anaerobic m.o. imipenem resists hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. It is active against penicillinase-producing G+ve and G-ve organisms, anaerobes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, although other pseudomonas strains are resistant. Monobactams are resistant to β-lactamase, but they act only on G-ve bacteria (aerobic). It lacks activity against G+ve organism and anaerobes. The best drug of this group is ________.

<p>Azetronam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Third-generation cephalosporins are used in serious infections including pneumonia, immunocompromised patients for sepsis, UTI infection, skin infection, respiratory tract infection (chronic bronchitis), septicemias, gonorrhea, and typhoid. Examples of third-generation cephalosporins include ________.

<p>ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imipenem is effective against penicillinase-producing G+ve and G-ve organisms, anaerobes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. It resists hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. It is a type of ________ antibiotic.

<p>Carbapenem</p> Signup and view all the answers

Penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are used to combat bacterial resistance. They are effective against organisms that produce β-lactamase enzymes, which can otherwise inactivate penicillins. An example of such a combination is ________.

<p>amoxicillin-clavulanate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imipenem is the most broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic, effective against G-ve, G+ve aerobic bacteria, and anaerobic microorganisms. It is a type of ________ antibiotic.

<p>Carbapenem</p> Signup and view all the answers

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