Podcast
Questions and Answers
Cephalosporins are what kind of antibiotics?
Cephalosporins are what kind of antibiotics?
Beta-lactam
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of cephalosporins?
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of cephalosporins?
Bactericidal - inhibit cell wall synthesis
First generation cephalosporin agents have gram positive or negative activity?
First generation cephalosporin agents have gram positive or negative activity?
Gram positive with lesser gram negative activity
Third generation cephalosporins have primarily gram positive or negative activity?
Third generation cephalosporins have primarily gram positive or negative activity?
What organisms are intrinsically resistant to most cephalosporin agents?
What organisms are intrinsically resistant to most cephalosporin agents?
In patients with what condition should you adjust the dose of cephalosporins?
In patients with what condition should you adjust the dose of cephalosporins?
What two cephalosporin agents produce good CSF concentrations?
What two cephalosporin agents produce good CSF concentrations?
Cephalosporins penetrate well into what tissue?
Cephalosporins penetrate well into what tissue?
All cephalosporins cross which barrier?
All cephalosporins cross which barrier?
Most cephalosporins are eliminated via which organ?
Most cephalosporins are eliminated via which organ?
Which cephalosporin agent is extensively metabolized by the liver?
Which cephalosporin agent is extensively metabolized by the liver?
What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of cephalosporins?
What are the common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of cephalosporins?
Cefdinir, used for OM, may cause what ADR?
Cefdinir, used for OM, may cause what ADR?
Ceftriaxone may cause what type of reaction?
Ceftriaxone may cause what type of reaction?
Cephalosporins have cross sensitivity with which class of antibiotics?
Cephalosporins have cross sensitivity with which class of antibiotics?
What are the three agents in the first generation of cephalosporins?
What are the three agents in the first generation of cephalosporins?
What organisms do first-generation cephalosporins cover?
What organisms do first-generation cephalosporins cover?
First-generation cephalosporins have no activity against which organisms?
First-generation cephalosporins have no activity against which organisms?
Main uses of first-generation cephalosporins?
Main uses of first-generation cephalosporins?
Which first-generation cephalosporin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis?
Which first-generation cephalosporin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis?
Which first-generation cephalosporin is the drug of choice for skin infections?
Which first-generation cephalosporin is the drug of choice for skin infections?
What are the three agents in the second generation of cephalosporins (Group I)?
What are the three agents in the second generation of cephalosporins (Group I)?
Second generation cephalosporins (Group I) cover what organisms and have more gram ___ coverage?
Second generation cephalosporins (Group I) cover what organisms and have more gram ___ coverage?
Main uses of second generation cephalosporins (Group I)?
Main uses of second generation cephalosporins (Group I)?
Second generation cephalosporins (Group I) do not have good ___ penetration?
Second generation cephalosporins (Group I) do not have good ___ penetration?
Which second generation cephalosporin (Group I) can be given every 8 hours to help with compliance?
Which second generation cephalosporin (Group I) can be given every 8 hours to help with compliance?
What are the agents in the second generation of cephalosporins (Group II)?
What are the agents in the second generation of cephalosporins (Group II)?
Second generation cephalosporins (Group II) cover what organisms?
Second generation cephalosporins (Group II) cover what organisms?
Main uses of second generation cephalosporins (Group II)?
Main uses of second generation cephalosporins (Group II)?
What are the concerning ADRs associated with Cefotetan?
What are the concerning ADRs associated with Cefotetan?
What are the two agents in the third generation of cephalosporins?
What are the two agents in the third generation of cephalosporins?
Ceftazidime is our go-to drug for what organisms/infections?
Ceftazidime is our go-to drug for what organisms/infections?
Study Notes
Cephalosporins Overview
- Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics
- Bactericidal, inhibit cell wall synthesis
Generations of Cephalosporins
- First generation: gram-positive with lesser gram-negative activity
- Second generation: more gram-negative (anaerobe) coverage than first-generation
- Third generation: primarily gram-negative activity
Spectrum of Activity
- First generation: excellent against gram-positive aerobes, some gram-negative activity
- Second generation: covers strep, E.coli, H.influenza, pneumonia, M.catarrhalis
- Third generation: antipseudomonal, good coverage for pseudomonas
Resistance
- Enterococcal organisms are intrinsically resistant to most cephalosporins
- Poor coverage for Listeria, atypical bacteria, MRSA
Pharmacokinetics
- Cephalosporins penetrate well into bone
- All cephalosporins cross the placenta
- Most are eliminated via the kidneys (renally)
Dosing
- Dose adjustment required in patients with CrCL < 50 mL/min
- Ceftriaxone requires dose adjustment in hepatic disease
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
- Common ADRs: rash, GI intolerance, interstitial nephritis, hemolytic anemia
- Cefdinir may cause red stools
- Ceftriaxone may cause disulfiram-like reaction
Cross-Sensitivity
- Cephalosporins have cross-sensitivity with penicillins (PCN's)
- Patients with severe reactions to PCN's should avoid cephalosporins
First Generation Cephalosporins
- Agents: Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cefadroxil
- Main uses: surgical prophylaxis, cellulitis, diabetic foot infections, UTI
Second Generation Cephalosporins
- Group I agents: Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Cefprozil
- Group II agents: Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
- Main uses: URI, LRI, OM, intra-abdominal infections, gynecologic infections
Third Generation Cephalosporins
- Agents: Ceftazidime, Ceftazidime/avibactam
- Main use: antipseudomonal infections
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Description
Test your knowledge of cephalosporin antibiotics with these flashcards. Each card covers key concepts such as the mechanism of action, classifications, and bacterial activity. Perfect for pharmacology students and those interested in antibiotics.
