DHS - Ortho - basic cephalometry

Cephalogram and Cephalometric Radiography

• A cephalogram is a type of radiograph used in orthodontics to measure the dimensions of the skull and jaw.
• The primary use of serial cephalogram studies is to track changes in the growth and development of the skull and jaw over time.

Cephalometric Analysis

• Cephalometric radiography helps in differentiating various anatomical structures and landmarks.
• A cephalogram obtained through cephalometric radiography helps in making measurements of various craniofacial structures.

Anatomical Landmarks

• The landmark defined as the anterior most point of the maxillary bone is Point A.
• The most anterior point of the fronto-nasal suture in the median plane is Nasion.
• The point defined as the midpoint between Pogonion and Menton is Gnathion.
• The midpoint of the pituitary fossa is known as Sella.
• The point defined as the most prominent point in the midsagittal plane of the forehead is Glabella.
• The point where the lower border of the nose meets the outer contour of the upper lip is Subnasale.
• The line drawn from the superior margin of the external acoustic meatus to Orbitale is known as the Frankfort Horizontal Plane.
• The plane formed by bisecting the anterior incisors and the distal cusps of the most posterior in occlusion is the Occlusal Plane.
• The line joining Point A and Pogonion is called the APog Line.
• The line joining soft tissue Pogonion and the midpoint of the S-shaped curve between Subnasale and the tip of the nose is known as the Soft Tissue Profile Line.
• The plane formed by connecting the point Gonion to Gnathion at the inferior border of the mandible is the Mandibular Plane.
• The line joining the center of Sella and Nasion is known as the S-N Line.