CEP 16 Earthquake Engineering: Seismology Overview

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What is the main focus of engineering seismology?

Analyzing the impact of volcanic eruptions on infrastructure

Characterizing seismic hazards at a site or region (correct)

Predicting the weather patterns leading to earthquakes

Studying seismic waves in a laboratory setting

Which term refers to the geographical point on the ground surface where an earthquake is estimated to be centered?

Strike Angle

Fault Plane

Focal Depth

Epicenter (correct)

What does the term 'Dip Slip' refer to in earthquake engineering?

A fault slip with horizontal movement

A fault slip with no movement

A fault slip with rotating movement

A fault slip with vertical movement (correct)

At what focal depth are earthquakes classified as shallow according to engineering seismology?

Less than 43 miles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of strike angle in seismic activity?

Influences the direction of fault plane movement Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the relative displacement between the two sides of a fault plane?

Fault slip Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the deterministic and probabilistic approach in earthquake hazard assessment?

The deterministic approach lacks consideration for uncertainties, while the probabilistic approach includes uncertainties. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the deterministic approach to earthquake hazard assessment?

Selecting the case that produces the largest structural response Signup and view all the answers

Why are probabilistic seismic hazard maps used in contemporary seismic design codes?

To account for uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment Signup and view all the answers

What do probabilistic seismic hazard zone maps aim to minimize?

The risk to human life from earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

Which step is included in the probabilistic approach but not in the deterministic approach?

Including uncertainties in each step Signup and view all the answers

What do seismic hazard maps based on past geographic seismology depict?

The probability of strong shaking in an area Signup and view all the answers

What determines the vibration characteristics of a flexible underlying deposit?

Inherent stiffness and damping Signup and view all the answers

Why do intensity and magnitude scales not necessarily provide a measure of seismic hazard at a particular site?

Not all regions are susceptible to strong earthquakes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant risk to people in seismically active regions during earthquakes?

Shaking of buildings and structures Signup and view all the answers

What do deterministic and probabilistic methods used to characterize seismic hazards primarily focus on?

Shaking effects Signup and view all the answers

Why might the measurements of past earthquakes (intensity and magnitude) not properly represent future ones?

Changes in fault behavior over time Signup and view all the answers

How does hard rock behave in terms of vibration during seismic events?

Vibrates with same frequency and amplitude as input motion Signup and view all the answers