Questions and Answers
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) to protein.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
What are the parts that make up a nucleotide? (Select all that apply)
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What is a nucleotide?
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How many DNA nucleotides are there and what are they?
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How many RNA nucleotides are there and what are they?
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Where does mRNA go to be translated?
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What are the building blocks of proteins called?
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What is the process called from DNA to mRNA?
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What is the process called from mRNA to an amino acid sequence?
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Study Notes
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- Describes the flow of genetic information: DNA → mRNA → Protein
- Genes determine the sequence of mRNA, which specifies the sequence of proteins
DNA
- Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
- Self-replicating material found in almost all living organisms
- Main component of chromosomes, serves as the genetic information carrier
Building Blocks of DNA
- Composed of nucleotides
- Nucleotides consist of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one phosphate group
- Nitrogenous bases include adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
Components of a Nucleotide
- Five-carbon sugar
- Nitrogenous base
- One phosphate group
Nucleotide Definition
- Organic molecules that are monomers of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
DNA Nucleotides
- Four DNA nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
RNA Nucleotides
- Four RNA nucleotides: Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
mRNA Translation Site
- mRNA is translated at ribosomes located in the cytoplasm, particularly on rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Building Blocks of Proteins
- Proteins are made up of amino acids
Transcription Process
- The conversion from DNA to mRNA is called transcription
Translation Process
- The conversion from mRNA to amino acid sequence is called translation
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Description
Explore key concepts of the central dogma of molecular biology through flashcards. This quiz includes essential definitions and explanations related to DNA, RNA, and proteins. Perfect for students studying biology and genetics.
