Central Dogma and Mutations: Linking Genotype to Phenotype
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Questions and Answers

What does an organism's genotype depend on?

  • The phenotype
  • The sequence of amino acids in its proteins
  • The proteins it makes
  • The sequence of bases in its DNA (correct)
  • What is the role of alleles of the same gene?

  • They differ in their DNA sequence (correct)
  • They code for different proteins
  • They have the same amino acid sequence
  • They perform different functions in the cell
  • During translation, which direction are mRNA base triplets read?

  • From amino acids to DNA
  • In a random direction
  • 3¢ to 5¢ direction
  • 5¢ to 3¢ direction (correct)
  • Which type of mutations involve changes at the chromosome level?

    <p>Chromosome-level Mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a mutation on an organism's phenotype?

    <p>It may or may not affect the proteins produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the genetic code specify?

    <p>The sequence of nucleotides that codes for amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the genetic code have to be in triplets?

    <p>To allow for non-overlapping nucleotide sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AUG code for in the genetic code?

    <p>Methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for the genetic code to be redundant but not ambiguous?

    <p>Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, but each codon codes for only one amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism ensures that an mRNA is read in the correct reading frame?

    <p>Ribosomal scanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mRNA in the Central Dogma process?

    <p>Codes for the amino acid sequence of a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the Genetic Code?

    <p>Universal and degenerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Mutations, what are Point Mutations?

    <p>Changes in single nucleotides of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main exception to the Central Dogma process?

    <p>RNA can convert into DNA independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Translation related to the Central Dogma process?

    <p>It synthesizes proteins using information from mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the property of the genetic code that allows multiple codons to code for the same amino acid?

    <p>Redundant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five properties of the genetic code?

    <p>Overlapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results from a small number of base changes in an organism's DNA?

    <p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Central Dogma, what does the term 'genotype' refer to?

    <p>DNA sequence of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Exceptions to the Central Dogma' primarily refer to processes where:

    <p>Genetic information flows in reverse direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, the mRNA base triplets are read in the 3' to 5' direction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reverse transcriptase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template in the process of information flow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each codon specifies the addition of only one of 64 amino acids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple codons code for the same amino acid due to the property of the genetic code called ambiguity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alleles of the same gene have different DNA sequences but produce proteins with identical amino acid sequences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central dogma of molecular biology states that RNA codes for DNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Point mutations occur at the chromosome level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exceptions to the Central Dogma always involve the flow of information from DNA to proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic code is characterized by having only one codon for each amino acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of mutations, chromosome-level mutations always result in a change in an organism's phenotype.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic code is specific to each organism and varies significantly from one species to another.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genes can be transcribed and translated after being transferred from one species to another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Point mutations involve large-scale changes in an organism's DNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic code is non-redundant, meaning each codon uniquely corresponds to a single amino acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exceptions to the Central Dogma primarily involve processes where information flows from proteins back to DNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic code is ambiguous because each codon only codes for one amino acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, the start codon also codes for the initiation of protein synthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All 64 codons code for different amino acids in the genetic code.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutations only occur at the nucleotide level and never at the chromosome level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Central Dogma states that information flows from protein to gene to mRNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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