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Questions and Answers
What is the overall process described by the Central Dogma?
What is the overall process described by the Central Dogma?
- Proteins -> RNA
- RNA -> DNA
- DNA -> Proteins
- DNA -> RNA -> Proteins (correct)
What occurs in Step 1 of the Central Dogma?
What occurs in Step 1 of the Central Dogma?
DNA unwinds
What happens in Step 2 of the Central Dogma?
What happens in Step 2 of the Central Dogma?
mRNA is transcribed from DNA in nucleus
What is the role of mRNA in Step 3?
What is the role of mRNA in Step 3?
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What occurs in Step 4 of the Central Dogma?
What occurs in Step 4 of the Central Dogma?
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What is formed in Step 5 of the Central Dogma?
What is formed in Step 5 of the Central Dogma?
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Study Notes
Central Dogma Overview
- Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
- Fundamental process crucial for gene expression and protein synthesis in all living cells.
Step 1: DNA Unwinds
- The double-helix structure of DNA unwinds to expose the genes that are to be transcribed.
- Unwinding allows access to the nucleotide sequences necessary for transcription.
Step 2: mRNA Transcription
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized using a DNA template in the nucleus.
- RNA polymerase enzyme plays a key role in reading the DNA and forming mRNA by matching nucleotides with complementary bases.
Step 3: mRNA Transport
- The newly formed mRNA exits the nucleus and moves to the ribosome located in the cytoplasm.
- This transport is essential as ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
Step 4: tRNA Matching
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) with specific anti-codons pairs with the corresponding mRNA codons.
- Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid, linking the genetic code to amino acid sequence.
Step 5: Polypeptide Formation
- Amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain during translation at the ribosome.
- The polypeptide chain undergoes folding and modifications, ultimately resulting in a functional protein.
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