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Questions and Answers
What is the primary clinical feature of central diabetes insipidus?
What is the primary clinical feature of central diabetes insipidus?
- Mental status changes
- Low serum sodium levels
- High urine osmolality
- Decreased serum osmolality (correct)
Which condition is characterized by impaired renal response to ADH?
Which condition is characterized by impaired renal response to ADH?
- Central diabetes insipidus
- Thyroglossal duct cyst
- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (correct)
What is the recommended treatment for SIADH?
What is the recommended treatment for SIADH?
- Free water restriction (correct)
- Adequate hydration
- Desmopressin
- Lithium
Which condition leads to hyponatremia and low serum osmolality?
Which condition leads to hyponatremia and low serum osmolality?
What is the characteristic feature of the urine in central diabetes insipidus?
What is the characteristic feature of the urine in central diabetes insipidus?
Which medication can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Which medication can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
What is the effect of a water deprivation test in diagnosing central diabetes insipidus?
What is the effect of a water deprivation test in diagnosing central diabetes insipidus?
What is the pathophysiology behind the clinical features of SIADH?
What is the pathophysiology behind the clinical features of SIADH?
What is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
What is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
What is the typical treatment for a patient with an ectopic source of ACTH?
What is the typical treatment for a patient with an ectopic source of ACTH?
Which scenario can lead to enlargement of a pituitary adenoma, resulting in hyperpigmentation, headaches, and bitemporal hemianopsia?
Which scenario can lead to enlargement of a pituitary adenoma, resulting in hyperpigmentation, headaches, and bitemporal hemianopsia?
What is a characteristic feature of Nelson syndrome?
What is a characteristic feature of Nelson syndrome?
Why might mineralocorticoids and androgens be increased or decreased in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
Why might mineralocorticoids and androgens be increased or decreased in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
In which condition would a patient likely require bilateral resection of hyperplasia with hormone replacement?
In which condition would a patient likely require bilateral resection of hyperplasia with hormone replacement?
What is a potential treatment option if surgical resection is not possible for a patient with androgen excess due to elevated ACTH?
What is a potential treatment option if surgical resection is not possible for a patient with androgen excess due to elevated ACTH?
What symptom may indicate enlargement of a pituitary adenoma due to bilateral adrenalectomy in refractory cases?
What symptom may indicate enlargement of a pituitary adenoma due to bilateral adrenalectomy in refractory cases?
Which of the following is a complication of diabetes?
Which of the following is a complication of diabetes?
What is the primary function of the glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex?
What is the primary function of the glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex?
Which of the following is a characteristic of insulinomas?
Which of the following is a characteristic of insulinomas?
Which of the following hormones are derived from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex?
Which of the following hormones are derived from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex?
What is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world?
What is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world?
Which of the following is a characteristic of gastrinomas?
Which of the following is a characteristic of gastrinomas?
What is the mechanism by which aldose reductase contributes to diabetic complications?
What is the mechanism by which aldose reductase contributes to diabetic complications?
Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces weak androgens?
Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces weak androgens?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with high cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome?
Which of the following is a symptom associated with high cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome?
Which of the following physical features is associated with Cushing's syndrome?
Which of the following physical features is associated with Cushing's syndrome?
What is the likely cause of abdominal striae (stretch marks) in Cushing's syndrome?
What is the likely cause of abdominal striae (stretch marks) in Cushing's syndrome?
Which of the following is a common feature of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome?
Which of the following is a common feature of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome?
What is the initial diagnostic test for Cushing's syndrome?
What is the initial diagnostic test for Cushing's syndrome?
What is the purpose of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
What is the purpose of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
What is the next step after determining that Cushing's syndrome is ACTH-independent?
What is the next step after determining that Cushing's syndrome is ACTH-independent?
What is the purpose of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
What is the purpose of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
What causes the buildup of glycosaminoglycans, inflammation, fibrosis, and edema leading to exophthalmos and pretibial myxedema in Graves' disease?
What causes the buildup of glycosaminoglycans, inflammation, fibrosis, and edema leading to exophthalmos and pretibial myxedema in Graves' disease?
Which of the following is NOT a typical laboratory finding in Graves' disease?
Which of the following is NOT a typical laboratory finding in Graves' disease?
What is the primary mechanism of action of propylthiouracil (PTU) in the treatment of Graves' disease?
What is the primary mechanism of action of propylthiouracil (PTU) in the treatment of Graves' disease?
What is the primary cause of multinodular goiter?
What is the primary cause of multinodular goiter?
What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of Graves' disease?
What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of Graves' disease?
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of Graves' disease?
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of Graves' disease?
What is the treatment for thyroid storm, a potentially fatal complication of Graves' disease?
What is the treatment for thyroid storm, a potentially fatal complication of Graves' disease?
What is the primary cause of toxic multinodular goiter?
What is the primary cause of toxic multinodular goiter?
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