Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the average number of neurons in the adult human brain?
What is the average number of neurons in the adult human brain?
Which type of matter in the central nervous system is primarily made up of axons?
Which type of matter in the central nervous system is primarily made up of axons?
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for reasoning and planning?
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for reasoning and planning?
What does the term 'ventral' refer to in neuroanatomical terminology?
What does the term 'ventral' refer to in neuroanatomical terminology?
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Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right sections?
Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right sections?
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What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
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Which of the following best describes grey matter in the central nervous system?
Which of the following best describes grey matter in the central nervous system?
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Which directional term refers to 'above' or 'toward the head'?
Which directional term refers to 'above' or 'toward the head'?
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What does the median sagittal plane do?
What does the median sagittal plane do?
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Which system relays information from the brain and spinal cord to limbs and organs?
Which system relays information from the brain and spinal cord to limbs and organs?
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What function does the sympathetic nervous system serve?
What function does the sympathetic nervous system serve?
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What are ganglia in the context of the peripheral nervous system?
What are ganglia in the context of the peripheral nervous system?
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Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
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What is the primary role of myelin in the nervous system?
What is the primary role of myelin in the nervous system?
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What does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily facilitate?
What does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily facilitate?
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Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling most involuntary actions?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling most involuntary actions?
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Study Notes
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
- The nervous system is composed of two cell types: neurons and glia.
- Neurons receive and transmit information.
- Glia support neurons.
- The adult human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons.
- There are slight variations in neuron count between individuals.
Regions of the CNS
- The Central Nervous System (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- The brain is divided into regions:
- Brain
- Brain stem
- Spinal cord
- The brain is a pink/beige structure with folds (sulci and fissures).
- Size is approximately 1.5 kg.
Tissue Types in the CNS
- CNS tissue is categorized into grey and white matter.
- White matter contains axons, appearing white due to myelin.
- Grey matter contains cell bodies and dendrites, the location of synapses.
Brain Lobes
- The brain is divided into four lobes:
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Lobes are named after the skull bones they lie beneath.
Directional Terms
- Neuroscientists use standard directional terms to describe brain locations:
- Anterior (front)
- Posterior (back)
- Superior (above)
- Inferior (below)
- Medial (middle)
- Lateral (side)
- Dorsal (top)
- Ventral (bottom)
- Rostral (toward the front)
- Caudal (toward the back)
Anatomical Planes
- Sagittal plane: divides the body into left and right halves.
- Coronal plane: divides the body into front and back halves.
- Transverse plane: divides the body into top and bottom halves.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- The PNS comprises cranial and spinal nerves.
- The PNS relays signals between the CNS and the body.
- Contains somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary) components.
- Somatic system: connects sense organs to CNS and then to muscles.
- Autonomic system: controls involuntary functions (e.g. heart, intestines).
Sympathetic Nervous System
- Prepares the body for "fight or flight".
- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, etc.
- Composed of ganglia near spinal cord.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Facilitates relaxed states and vegetative functions (e.g. digestion).
- Decreases activity compared to the sympathetic system.
- Composed of long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
Information Transfer
- Afferent signals travel from the body to the brain.
- Efferent signals travel from the brain to the body.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the structure and function of the nervous system. This quiz will cover various aspects of the central nervous system, including its components, tissue types, and brain lobes. Challenge yourself and learn more about how our brain and spinal cord work together!
