CENGR 2220: Active and Inactive Faults in Geology for Civil Engineers
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Questions and Answers

What is the Transition zone in the Earth's mantle?

A region where high-pressure conditions lead to changes in mineral structures

What are the main components of the Earth's Lower Mantle?

Silicate minerals in a solid state

What is the composition of the Earth's D' Layer in the core?

A dense metallic core

What are the main elements that make up the Earth's Inner Core?

<p>Iron and nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Earth's Outer Core primarily composed?

<p>Liquid iron and nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process through which the movement of molten metal in the Earth's Outer Core generates the magnetic field?

<p>GEODYNAMO</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for tectonic plates movement related to warm mantle currents?

<p>Mantle convection currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define an active fault and provide an example within the context of the text.

<p>An active fault is likely to have another earthquake sometime in the future. Example: San Andreas Fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'Slab pull' in the context of plate tectonics.

<p>Older, colder plates sink at subduction zones and pull the rest of the warmer plates along behind it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the concept of plate tectonics in geology?

<p>To explain the movement of Earth's outer shell and the formation of various geological features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure of Earth's mantle according to the theory of plate tectonics.

<p>Solid rock divided into large slabs known as plates that glide over the mantle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the epicenter in an earthquake event?

<p>It is the point on the Earth's surface above the focus where the most violent shaking occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Wegener's main problem when trying to convince others about his hypothesis of continental drift?

<p>He could not find the force causing the continents to drift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of plate boundaries?

<p>Convergent, Divergent, Transform</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are new ocean basins formed according to the concept of seafloor spreading?

<p>New ocean basins form from volcanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the seven major lithospheric plates that make up 94% of the Earth's surface?

<p>North American Plate, South American Plate, Pacific Plate, African Plate, Eurasian Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, Antarctic Plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological features correspond between continents, providing evidence for plate tectonics?

<p>Glacial striations and erratics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of plates mentioned in the concept of plate tectonics and how do they interact?

<p>Lithospheric plates move on the asthenosphere like a conveyor belt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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