10 Questions
What type of piles are timber, steel, pre-stressed concrete piles, and precast concrete piles?
Displacement Piles
What is the process of forming a borehole in the ground and then casting concrete in place or dropping a precast concrete pile and grouting it?
Non-displacement Piling
What type of piles are used for marine structures and foundations in soft sub-soils?
Tube Piles
What is the term for a deep foundation system that consists of a column-like reinforced concrete member?
Pier
What is the process of testing the load-bearing capacity of a pile?
Pile Testing
What is the term for the pressure exerted by soil on a retaining wall?
Lateral Earth Pressure
What is the purpose of a pile cap?
To transfer the load from the superstructure to the piles
What type of piles are used for bridge structures?
Pier Foundations
What is the process of installing a precast concrete pile into a borehole and grouting it in place?
Bored Piling
What is the term for a structural element that is used to support a group of piles?
Pile Cap
Study Notes
Foundations
- A foundation is a structural part of a building that safely sustains and transmits loads to the ground.
- The function of a foundation is to prevent settlement or movement that would impair the stability or cause damage to the building.
Selection of Foundation
- The selection of a foundation type is based on factors such as:
- Adequate depth to prevent damage
- Bearing capacity failure
- Settlement
- Adequate strength to resist fracture or breakage
- Seismic forces to support the structure during earthquakes
Types of Foundations
- Shallow foundations:
- Constructed where soil layers at shallow depths can support structural loads
- Examples: Isolated Pads (Spread), Combined, Strips (Wall), Raft (Mat) Foundations
- Depth is generally less than its width
- Deep foundations:
- Transfer loads through weak, compressible soils to underlying competent soils or bedrock
- Examples: Piles, Micro-piles, Caissons
- Depth is generally greater than 5m
Types of Footings
- Spread (Pad) Footing
- Strip (Wall) Footing
- Combined Footing
- Pilecap Footing
- Strap (Cantilever) Footing
- Raft (Mat) Footing
Deep Foundations
- Include piles, micro-piles, and caissons
- Piles:
- Vertical or slightly inclined members used to transmit loads to lower layers
- Can be used when suitable foundation conditions are not present at or near ground level
- Materials used for piles: concrete, steel, and timber
- Pile components: pile head, shaft, and pile tip
Piled Foundations
- According to design:
- End Bearing Piles: terminate in hard, relatively impenetrable material
- Friction Piles: do not reach an impenetrable stratum but are driven into a penetrable soil
- According to construction:
- Displacement Piles: displace the soil to allow for pile penetration
- Non-displacement (or replacement) Bored Piles: remove soil to accommodate the pile
Pier Foundations
- A deep foundation system similar to a cast-in-place pile
- Consists of a column-like reinforced concrete member
- Also referred to as drilled shafts, bored piles, or drilled caissons
Pile Testing
- Methods to test the capacity and integrity of piles
- Important for ensuring the safety and stability of the structure
Retaining Walls
- Structures used to resist lateral earth pressures
- Types of retaining walls:
- Gravity walls
- Cantilever walls
- Counterfort walls
- Anchored walls
Test your understanding of foundations, a crucial structural part of a building. This quiz covers the function of foundations, load transmission, and stability. Perfect for Civil Engineering students!
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