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Questions and Answers
The primary function of a foundation is to provide aesthetic appeal to a building.
The primary function of a foundation is to provide aesthetic appeal to a building.
False (B)
The selection of a foundation type is solely based on the bearing capacity failure.
The selection of a foundation type is solely based on the bearing capacity failure.
False (B)
A shallow foundation is constructed where the soil layer at a deep depth is able to support the structural loads.
A shallow foundation is constructed where the soil layer at a deep depth is able to support the structural loads.
False (B)
The foundation must be designed with sufficient strength to support the applied superstructure loads.
The foundation must be designed with sufficient strength to support the applied superstructure loads.
The foundation must settle to a certain extent to ensure the stability of the building.
The foundation must settle to a certain extent to ensure the stability of the building.
There are three categories of foundations: shallow, deep, and intermediate.
There are three categories of foundations: shallow, deep, and intermediate.
Piles are usually made of materials such as steel, wood, and glass.
Piles are usually made of materials such as steel, wood, and glass.
The pile head is the lower part of the pile.
The pile head is the lower part of the pile.
End Bearing Piles are those which do not reach an impenetrable stratum.
End Bearing Piles are those which do not reach an impenetrable stratum.
Shallow foundations are typically constructed below $5m$ of the ground level.
Shallow foundations are typically constructed below $5m$ of the ground level.
Friction Piles derive their carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile.
Friction Piles derive their carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile.
Some piles can be designed to utilize both skin resistance and end bearing to carry the applied load.
Some piles can be designed to utilize both skin resistance and end bearing to carry the applied load.
Raft foundations are a type of deep foundation.
Raft foundations are a type of deep foundation.
Displacement Piles are those which do not displace the soil during installation.
Displacement Piles are those which do not displace the soil during installation.
Spread footings are also known as isolated pad footings.
Spread footings are also known as isolated pad footings.
Pile foundations are used when suitable foundation conditions are present at or near ground level.
Pile foundations are used when suitable foundation conditions are present at or near ground level.
Micro-piles are a type of shallow foundation.
Micro-piles are a type of shallow foundation.
Combined footings are used to transfer loads to underlying competent soils or to hard strata.
Combined footings are used to transfer loads to underlying competent soils or to hard strata.
Steel piles are a type of non-displacement piles.
Steel piles are a type of non-displacement piles.
Bored piles are formed by driving a precast pile into the ground.
Bored piles are formed by driving a precast pile into the ground.
Tube piles are used for large-scale construction projects.
Tube piles are used for large-scale construction projects.
Piers are a type of shallow foundation system.
Piers are a type of shallow foundation system.
Pile testing is a process used to construct retaining walls.
Pile testing is a process used to construct retaining walls.
Retaining walls are used to resist lateral earth pressures.
Retaining walls are used to resist lateral earth pressures.
Study Notes
Foundations
- The foundation is a crucial structural element that supports a building, ensuring stability and load transmission to the ground.
- Foundations must prevent settlement or movement that could compromise the building's integrity.
Selection of Foundation
- Adequate Depth: Foundations need sufficient depth to avoid damage.
- Bearing Capacity Failure: Must be safe from bearing capacity failure.
- Settlement: Should not settle excessively to avoid structural damage.
- Adequate Strength: Designed to withstand loads without fracturing.
- Seismic Forces: Capability to endure earthquakes with minimal settlement or lateral movement.
Types of Foundation
- Two main categories: Shallow Foundations (support loads at shallow depths) and Deep Foundations (extend deeper to stable soil).
- Shallow Foundations: Generally constructed in soils with adequate support close to the surface; less than 2.0-3.0m deep and less deep than wide.
- Types include Isolated Pads, Combined Footings, Strip Footings, and Raft Foundations.
Deep Foundations
- Intended for transferring loads through weak soils to deeper, more competent layers.
- Classified as foundations deeper than 5 m.
- Types include Piles, Micro-piles, and Caissons.
- Pile Components:
- Pile Head: Upper part that connects to the structure.
- Shaft: Middle section of the pile.
- Pile Tip: Lower part that penetrates the soil.
Types of Piles
- End Bearing Piles: Reach dense soils or rock; load capacity relies on toe resistance.
- Friction Piles: Embedded in penetrable soils; load capacity comes from skin friction with surrounding soil.
- Displacement Piles: Displace soil for penetration.
- Non-displacement Bored Piles: Soil is removed to accommodate the pile, typically using boreholes.
Tube Piles
- Utilized in marine structures and soft sub-soils.
- Usually bottom-driven with an internal drop hammer.
Pier Foundations
- A deep foundation type, similar to piles but with a more substantial, column-like shape.
- Commonly used in bridge construction, referred to as drilled shafts or caissons.
Additional Considerations
- Pile caps provide a stable base for piles, ensuring load distribution.
- Retaining walls must resist lateral earth pressures effectively.
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Description
Test your understanding of foundations in construction engineering, including their functions, load transmission, and stability. This quiz covers the basics of foundations and their importance in building structures. Get ready to assess your knowledge of this crucial topic!
