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Questions and Answers
What role does cementum play in relation to the periodontium?
What role does cementum play in relation to the periodontium?
Which of the following best describes the two main types of cementum?
Which of the following best describes the two main types of cementum?
How does the structure of cementum relate to its function?
How does the structure of cementum relate to its function?
Which condition exemplifies the clinical significance of understanding cementum?
Which condition exemplifies the clinical significance of understanding cementum?
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What analogy is used to describe the relationship between cementum and a tooth?
What analogy is used to describe the relationship between cementum and a tooth?
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What is the primary inorganic component of cementum?
What is the primary inorganic component of cementum?
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Which type of fibers are predominantly found in acellular cementum?
Which type of fibers are predominantly found in acellular cementum?
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What is the critical pH level associated with the stability of cementum?
What is the critical pH level associated with the stability of cementum?
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What type of acellular cementum is primarily responsible for support and anchorage of teeth?
What type of acellular cementum is primarily responsible for support and anchorage of teeth?
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Where is acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC) primarily located?
Where is acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC) primarily located?
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What type of cementum is formed by cementoblasts?
What type of cementum is formed by cementoblasts?
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Which type of fibers are primarily found in acellular extrinsic fibers cementum?
Which type of fibers are primarily found in acellular extrinsic fibers cementum?
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What is the composition of the extracellular matrix of cementum primarily made of?
What is the composition of the extracellular matrix of cementum primarily made of?
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What is the composition of acellular afibrillar cementum?
What is the composition of acellular afibrillar cementum?
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Which statement about acellular cementum is true?
Which statement about acellular cementum is true?
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What is the primary cellular component found in cellular cementum?
What is the primary cellular component found in cellular cementum?
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Which type of cementum is referred to as primary cementum?
Which type of cementum is referred to as primary cementum?
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How does secondary cementum differ from primary cementum?
How does secondary cementum differ from primary cementum?
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Which component forms the attachment with the periodontal ligament fiber bundles?
Which component forms the attachment with the periodontal ligament fiber bundles?
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What is a characteristic feature of intrinsic fibers found in cellular cementum?
What is a characteristic feature of intrinsic fibers found in cellular cementum?
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What is the primary function of cementum in the dental anatomy?
What is the primary function of cementum in the dental anatomy?
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What is the primary function of cementum in the dental structure?
What is the primary function of cementum in the dental structure?
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Which type of cementum is formed after tooth eruption and continues to be laid down throughout life?
Which type of cementum is formed after tooth eruption and continues to be laid down throughout life?
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Which condition is characterized by excessive deposition of cementum?
Which condition is characterized by excessive deposition of cementum?
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What is the clinical significance of the cemento-enamel junction?
What is the clinical significance of the cemento-enamel junction?
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What histological feature differentiates acellular cementum from cellular cementum?
What histological feature differentiates acellular cementum from cellular cementum?
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Which imaging technique is often used for diagnosing hypercementosis?
Which imaging technique is often used for diagnosing hypercementosis?
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How does aging affect the properties of human cementum?
How does aging affect the properties of human cementum?
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Which of the following enzymes is crucial for the mineralization process in cementum?
Which of the following enzymes is crucial for the mineralization process in cementum?
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What type of cementum is found primarily in the apical third of the roots?
What type of cementum is found primarily in the apical third of the roots?
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Which statement accurately describes cementocytes?
Which statement accurately describes cementocytes?
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What is the primary function of cellular cementum?
What is the primary function of cellular cementum?
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What distinguishes cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC) from cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC)?
What distinguishes cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC) from cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC)?
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How does cellular cementum compensate for occlusal wear over time?
How does cellular cementum compensate for occlusal wear over time?
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In which teeth is cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC) often absent?
In which teeth is cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC) often absent?
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Which structure plays a key role in the maintenance of occlusion in cellular cementum?
Which structure plays a key role in the maintenance of occlusion in cellular cementum?
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What happens to the cementum at the apex of a tooth over time?
What happens to the cementum at the apex of a tooth over time?
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What is one way cellular cementum can perform anatomical repair?
What is one way cellular cementum can perform anatomical repair?
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Where is acellular cementum primarily distributed in teeth?
Where is acellular cementum primarily distributed in teeth?
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What is the significance of cementogenesis during a person's life?
What is the significance of cementogenesis during a person's life?
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What percentage of teeth exhibits an overlapping relationship at the cemento-enamel junction?
What percentage of teeth exhibits an overlapping relationship at the cemento-enamel junction?
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What is hypercementosis characterized by?
What is hypercementosis characterized by?
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Which factor is NOT associated with the development of hypercementosis?
Which factor is NOT associated with the development of hypercementosis?
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How does the thickness of cementum change along the root length?
How does the thickness of cementum change along the root length?
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What is a common clinical implication of hypercementosis?
What is a common clinical implication of hypercementosis?
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Study Notes
Histology of Cementum
- Cementum is a tissue covering the tooth root
- It's part of the periodontium, crucial for tooth attachment
- Students should be able to describe the composition and structure of cementum, differentiate between its two main types (acellular and cellular) and their distribution, and relate structure to function.
- Understand the clinical relevance of cementum in health and disease.
Analogy for Location
- An ice cream cone analogy demonstrates how cementum occupies the space around the tooth root
Cementum in Relation to the Periodontium
- Cementum connects the tooth root to the alveolar bone
- It's a key component of the periodontium, which anchors the tooth in the jaw
- Features like dentine, pulp canals, and alveolar bone are all part of the same complex system
Why Study Cementum?
- Understanding cementum is crucial for dental health and disease prevention (in health)
- Knowing about root caries and periodontal disease requires understanding cementum's role
- Good oral hygiene practices will be improved from understanding dental diseases
- Treatment and prevention are related to cementum function.
Acellular and Cellular Cementum Composition and Structure
- Cementum is mainly composed of inorganic (mostly hydroxyapatite) and organic materials
- Collagen fibers (primarily type 1) are important organic components
- Non-collagenous proteins and water are also present
Overview of Structural Features
- Acellular cementum lacks cells, while cellular cementum contains cementocytes
- Acellular cementum is primarily found on the cervical region of the tooth root, and Cellular cementum predominantly forms in the apical third.
- Fibres within acellular cementum are primarily extrinsic, while those within cellular cementum can be both intrinsic and extrinsic
Acellular Cementum
- Primarily covers the cervical and middle third of the root
- The first-formed layer of cementum
- Adjacent to the dentin, forming the dento-cementum junction (CDJ)
- It forms slowly during and after teeth emergence,
- Contains extrinsic collagen fibers
- No cells present.
Acellular Cementum Distribution
- Acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC) covers the enamel and dentin portion of the cervical region
- Acellular extrinsic fibers cementum (AEFC), the predominant acellular type, is crucial for supporting and anchoring the tooth.
Acellular Cementum Functions
- Supports and anchors the tooth in the alveolar socket
- Extrinsic fibers (Sharpey's fibers) connect to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone
- Fibers are oriented perpendicular to the root surface
Cellular Cementum
- Also known as secondary cementum
- Forms quickly compared to primary cementum
- Contains cementocytes that are trapped within a cementoid layer, a mineralized matrix.
- Contains intrinsic fibers that are parallel to the root surface
- Over time, extrinsic fibers are also found
Cellular Cementum Cells
- Cementoblasts - form cementum
- Cementocytes - found in cellular cementum and originate from cementoblasts
- Cementocytes are trapped within the matrix during cementum development
Cellular Cementum Distribution
- Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC) is found in the apical third of the roots
- It is often absent in those with single-rooted teeth.
- Cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC) is a variant of CIFC containing both intrinsic and extrinsic fibers.
- CMSC makes up most of the bulk of cellular cementum over time.
Cellular Cementum Functions
- Adaptation - reshapes the root, adjusting for tooth movement and drift ,or following tooth extractions.
- Deposition of cementum at the apex maintains occlusion, compensating for occlusal wear. It is thicker in teeth at the back of the mouth (posterior teeth).
Cellular Cementum Functions 2
- Anatomical repair: The ability to repair resorbed or fractured root surfaces.
- Functional repair: Maintaining the periodontal ligament width during periodontal disease (PDL) healing.
Distribution of Cementum
- Acellular cementum tends to be thicker in the cervical region of the root.
- Cellular cementum tends to be thicker in the apical part of the root.
- Molar teeth have a thicker, and more extensive, cellular cementum compared to incisor teeth. This is due to the greater occlusal forces on the molar teeth.
Clinical Significance Functions
- Cementum is closely linked to many clinical aspects of dental health and disease
- Understanding its properties relates to its involvement in periodontal disease
Cementum over the Lifecourse
- Cementogenesis (the formation of cementum) continues throughout life.
- As we age, the thickness, hardness, and mineral content of cementum increase.
Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ)
- The relationship between cementum and enamel at the CEJ varies between and within teeth.
- Overlap, gap, and meet conditions can describe the different relationships
Structural Abnormalities
- Hypercementosis: Excessive cementum deposition, creating thicker roots.
- Causes can be from trauma,inflammation, systemic conditions such as Paget's disease. or idiopathic (of unknown cause).
- This can complicate tooth extractions.
Summary
- Cementum has a variety of roles, from anchoring teeth to adapting over time.
- It is crucial for determining how healthy teeth function and are maintained over a lifetime.
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