Histology of Cementum Quiz (ODS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of acellular cementum?

Regenerating damaged root surfaces

Facilitating tooth movement

Promoting periodontal disease

Providing support and anchorage (correct)

How do Sharpey’s fibers relate to the structure of cementum?

They form the attachment between cementum and periodontal ligament. (correct)

They protect cementum from resorption.

They provide nutritional support to the cementum.

They help in the formation of the alveolar bone.

What is a key function of cellular cementum after tooth movement?

It resorbs excess bone.

It accelerates tooth eruption.

It aids in the reshaping of the root. (correct)

It decreases the thickness of the tooth root.

Which of the following statements about hypercementosis is true?

It may be related to local factors like trauma. Signup and view all the answers

What role does cementum play in periodontal disease healing?

It maintains the width of the periodontal ligament. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cellular cementum in response to occlusal wear?

It deposits more cementum at the apex. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to hypercementosis?

Inflammation from a dental procedure. Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical implication of hypercementosis during tooth extraction?

It may complicate the extraction due to thicker roots. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomical and functional repair of cementum?

Anatomical repair addresses damages, while functional repair supports healing. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cementum is composed of inorganic content?

45-50% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cementum is formed slowly and continues after tooth eruption?

Acellular extrinsic fibers cementum Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are primarily found in acellular extrinsic fibers cementum?

Extrinsic collagen fibers Signup and view all the answers

Where is acellular afibrillar cementum specifically found?

Cervical region covering enamel and dentine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the organic content of cementum?

Collagen fibers type I Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cementum contains cemetocytes?

Cellular (secondary) cementum Signup and view all the answers

Which cementum type is mainly associated with support and anchorage?

Acellular extrinsic fibers cementum Signup and view all the answers

Where in the tooth structure is cellular intrinsic fiber cementum primarily located?

Apical third of the roots and inter-radicular regions Signup and view all the answers

What does a layer of cementoid represent in cellular cementum?

Unmineralized matrix or pre-cementum Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cementum is often absent in single-rooted teeth?

Cellular mixed stratified cementum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cementum Composition and Structure

Cementum is a specialized connective tissue covering the root surfaces of teeth.
It's composed of 45-50% hydroxyapatite crystals, crucial for its mineral hardness.
The remaining 50-55% is organic material, primarily collagen Type I fibers, along with minor amounts of other types (III, V, VI, XII, XIV).
Non-collagenous matrix proteins and water are also present.
The critical pH for hydroxyapatite is 6.7.

Types of Cementum and Distribution

Acellular Cementum: This type is further divided:
- Acellular afibrillar cementum (AAC): Found exclusively in the cervical region, lacks collagen fibers and unknown function.
- Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC): The dominant form of acellular cementum, responsible for supporting and anchoring the tooth. Collagen fibers extend into the periodontal ligament, attaching to Sharpey's fibers.
Cellular Cementum (Secondary Cementum): Derived from cementoblasts that become trapped in the matrix.
- Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC): Predominantly in the apical third of roots and inter-radicular regions. Lacks extrinsic fibers and has intrinsic fibers parallel to the root.
- Cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC): A subset of CIFC containing both intrinsic and extrinsic fibers, becoming the primary form of cellular cementum.
Cellular cementum forms quickly compared to its acellular counterpart.

Cementum Structure and Function

Acellular Cementum Function:
- Provides support and anchorage by connecting to the periodontal ligament via collagen fibers.
Cellular Cementum Function:
- Adaption: Allows root reshaping in response to tooth movement (drifting, occlusal wear). Increased cellular cementum deposition is noticed in posterior teeth where post-eruptive movements are more common. Resorption followed by cementum formation helps repair previously damaged root surfaces.
- Repair:
  - Anatomical repair: Repairs resorbed or fractured root surfaces.
  - Functional repair: Maintains the health of the periodontal ligament (PDL) during periodontal disease.

Clinical Significance of Cementum in Health and Disease

Hypercementosis: Excessive cementum deposition, notably towards the apex.
Etiology:
- Local factors: Trauma or inflammation
- Systemic factors: Paget's disease
- Idiopathic: Unknown cause
Clinical implications:
- Affects single or multiple teeth.
- Often asymptomatic.
- Can create problems during extractions.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the composition, structure, and types of cementum associated with teeth. It delves into the specifics of acellular and cellular cementum, detailing their unique properties and functions. Test your knowledge on this important dental connective tissue!