Cellulitis and Non-Suppurative Inflammation
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Questions and Answers

What is the hallmark feature of chronic inflammation observed in histopathology?

  • Acute exudation
  • Fibrosis (correct)
  • Endarteritis obliterans
  • Increased neutrophils

    • Which type of inflammation is characterized by a specific microscopic picture caused by distinct irritants?

  • Chronic specific inflammation (correct)
  • Acute inflammation
  • Mild inflammation
  • Chronic non-specific inflammation

    • What type of granuloma is associated with tuberculosis?

  • Non-infective granuloma
  • Parasitic granuloma
  • Bacterial granuloma (correct)
  • Viral granuloma

    • Which cell type primarily constitutes the bulk of a granuloma?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In foreign body granuloma, what type of cells are indicative of the body's response to foreign materials?

    <p>Multinucleated giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key histopathological feature of infective granulomas?

    <p>Epithelioid histiocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition associated with non-infective granulomas?

    <p>Bilharziasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation involves different irritants leading to a similar microscopic picture?

    <p>Chronic non-specific inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a tumor-like mass formed during chronic specific inflammation?

    <p>Granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of foreign body granulomas observed under polarized light?

    <p>Birefringent foreign body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation is characterized by excess mucus secretion?

    <p>Catarrhal Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme produced by Streptococcus haemolyticus helps to dissolve hyaluronic acid?

    <p>Hyaluronidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of cellulitis?

    <p>Acute lymphangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of non-suppurative inflammation is indicated by the formation of a pseudo membrane?

    <p>Pseudomembranous Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inflammation is characterized by an exudate rich in fibrinogen?

    <p>Fibrinous Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically indicates chronic inflammation compared to acute inflammation?

    <p>Gradual and prolonged tissue response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of inflammation involves an antigen-antibody reaction?

    <p>Allergic Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition might chronic inflammation start as slowly progressing?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of exudate characterizes hemorrhagic inflammation?

    <p>Rich in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of cellulitis as an inflammation?

    <p>Absence of fibrin leading to failure of localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellulitis

    • Definition: Acute, diffuse, suppurative inflammation
    • Cause: Streptococcus haemolyticus producing two enzymes
      • Fibrinolysin (streptokinase): Dissolves fibrin
      • Hyaluronidase (spreading factor): Dissolves hyaluronic acid of ground substance, aiding bacterial spread
    • Sites: Loose connective tissues (e.g., subcutaneous tissue, scrotum, orbit, appendix wall)
    • Characteristics:
      • Failure of localization due to lack of fibrin
      • Extensive necrosis
      • Pus is thin, often containing many red blood cells (sanguinous)
    • Complications:
      • Acute lymphangitis and lymphadenitis
      • Blood spread (septicemia and toxemia)

    Non-Suppurative Inflammation

    • Catarrhal Inflammation: Mild acute inflammation of mucous membranes (respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts). Characterized by excess mucus secretion. Common examples include the common cold and bronchitis
    • Pseudomembranous Inflammation: Severe acute inflammation causing a pseudo membrane on affected surfaces. Composed of necrotic cells, fibrin, and leukocytes. Examples include diphtheria and bacillary dysentery
    • Fibrinous Inflammation: Inflammation marked by exudate rich in fibrinogen (e.g., lobar pneumonia)
    • Serous, fibrinous, and serofibrinous inflammation: Inflammation involving serous sacs (pleura, peritoneum, pericardium). Characterized by excess serous exudates in the sac and fibrin deposition on the surfaces.

    Hemorrhagic Inflammation

    • Characterized by cellular exudate rich in red blood cells, caused by vascular damage
    • Examples: smallpox, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

    Allergic Inflammation

    • An antigen-antibody reaction, typically leading to urticaria
    • Characterized by abundant fluid exudates and eosinophils

    Chronic Inflammation

    • Characterized by:
      • Mild irritant with prolonged action
      • Gradual, prolonged tissue response
      • Often follows acute inflammation or starts as a slowly progressing chronic disease (e.g., tuberculosis, syphilis)
    • Histopathological features:
      • End arteritis obliterans (E.A.O) of small arteries
      • Chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages)
      • Fibrosis (a hallmark of chronicity)

    Types of Chronic Inflammation

    • Chronic non-specific inflammation: Different irritants produce similar inflammatory reactions (e.g., chronic non-specific cholecystitis)
    • Chronic specific inflammation: Each irritant/organism causes a unique microscopic pattern called granuloma (e.g., tuberculosis, bilharziasis, leprosy)

    Granuloma

    • Definition: A chronic specific inflammation that forms a tumor-like mass, characterized by focal accumulation of many chronic inflammatory cells.
    • Types:
      • Infective: Bacterial (tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis), parasitic (bilharziasis, leishmaniasis), mycotic (e.g., madura foot), viral (subacute granulomatous thyroiditis)
      • Non-infective: Asbestosis, silicosis, foreign-body granulomas
      • Unknown cause: Sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease
    • Histopathology:
      • Macrophages (tissue histiocytes, blood monocytes), lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils
      • Granulation tissue
      • Fibrous tissue
      • Specific/foreign body components

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    Inflammation-3 Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the definitions, causes, characteristics, and complications of cellulitis as well as different types of non-suppurative inflammation. Understand the key terms like catarrhal and pseudomembranous inflammation and their clinical significance. Test your knowledge on the pathology and implications of these inflammatory conditions.

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