Cellular Transport Types

Study Notes

Cellular transport refers to the movement of molecules in and out of cells.

Passive Transport: movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the use of energy.
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
- Facilitated Diffusion: movement of molecules with the assistance of transport proteins.
Active Transport: movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy.
- Active Transport Proteins: use energy to pump molecules against their concentration gradient.

Concentration Gradient: movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Surface Area: increased surface area allows for faster transport.
Temperature: increased temperature increases the rate of transport.
Selectively Permeable Membrane: allows certain molecules to pass through while restricting others.

Passive transport occurs without energy expenditure, moving molecules from high to low concentration.
Diffusion is a type of passive transport where molecules move randomly until equilibrium is reached.
Osmosis is a type of passive transport where water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport where molecules move with the assistance of transport proteins.
Active transport occurs with energy expenditure, moving molecules from low to high concentration.
Active transport proteins use energy to pump molecules against their concentration gradient.

Concentration gradient influences the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Increased surface area enables faster transport due to a larger area for molecules to pass through.
Higher temperatures increase the rate of transport by increasing molecular kinetic energy.
Selectively permeable membranes allow certain molecules to pass through while restricting others.

Cellular transport maintains cellular homeostasis and balance by regulating the movement of molecules.
It enables the uptake of essential nutrients and removal of waste products.
Cellular transport is crucial for cellular metabolism and function, supporting various cellular processes.

Glucose uptake in cells occurs through facilitated diffusion, allowing cells to obtain energy.
Ion pumping in neurons during nerve impulses relies on active transport, enabling nerve signal transmission.
Water transport in plant cells occurs through osmosis, helping to maintain cell turgor pressure.